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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diyl dihexanoate 1430801-34-5 C32H46O9
    (2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diyl dihexanoate
    —— 4503-83-7 C37H55N3O6
    —— 138847-17-3 C9H20N2*2C44H56O4
    —— 5,6-Dibrom-2-chlor-vanillin, 2,3-Dibrom-6-chlor-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyd 90001-48-2 C8H5Br2ClO3
    5,6-Dibrom-2-chlor-vanillin, 2,3-Dibrom-6-chlor-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 82056-93-7 C18H22Cl3MoN2O5
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol 137819-41-1 C9H12O4
    4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
    —— Cu(HASc)2Cl2 140621-97-2 C18H22Cl2CuN6O4
    Cu(HASc)2Cl2
    —— 2,5-Dichloro-3,6-dihydrazinylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 24118-21-6 C6H7Cl3N4O2
    2,5-Dichloro-3,6-dihydrazinylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-9H-bis([1,3,4]thiadiazolo)[3,2-a:2',3'-d][1,3,5]triazin-8-ium bromide 1190128-84-7 Br*C13H12N5OS2
    9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-9H-bis([1,3,4]thiadiazolo)[3,2-a:2',3'-d][1,3,5]triazin-8-ium bromide
    —— 2'-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[ (5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]propanohydrazide 1203564-12-8 C18H20N6O3S
    2'-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[ (5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]propanohydrazide
    —— 2,4,6-trichloro-3,5-dinitro-phenol 113512-49-5 C6HCl3N2O5
    2,4,6-trichloro-3,5-dinitro-phenol
    —— 4-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro[1,4]thiazino[4,3-d][1,2,4]triazin-1(2H)-one 590403-90-0 C12H12N4O2S
    4-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro[1,4]thiazino[4,3-d][1,2,4]triazin-1(2H)-one
    —— bis[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenolato-κO]dimethylsilicon 1310805-31-2 C30H30N2O6Si
    bis[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenolato-κO]dimethylsilicon
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde oxime 98996-21-5 C9H11NO3
    2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde oxime
    —— 1432754-04-5 C16H14N2O5S
    —— 4-iodo-2-(4-nitrobutyl)phenol 1426943-29-4 C10H12INO3
    4-iodo-2-(4-nitrobutyl)phenol
    —— a-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-hexylnitrone 243457-35-4 C15H23NO2
    a-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-hexylnitrone
    —— 3-Methylthio-5-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin 69466-71-3 C11H11N3O2S
    3-Methylthio-5-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin
    —— (2-dicyclohexylphosphinophenolate)(2-mathylallyl)palladium(II) acetic acid 846545-66-2 C2H4O2*C22H33OPPd
    (2-dicyclohexylphosphinophenolate)(2-mathylallyl)palladium(II) acetic acid
    —— 7-(p-chlorophenylazo)-2-(p-methoxyphenylmethylene)-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido-[3,2-f][1,4]thiazepine-3,5-dione 1393809-61-4 C23H17ClN4O4S
    7-(p-chlorophenylazo)-2-(p-methoxyphenylmethylene)-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido-[3,2-f][1,4]thiazepine-3,5-dione
    —— 1198403-46-1 C17H14N2O2
    —— 4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-propylbutyl)-phenol 17508-77-9 C13H18N2O5
    4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-propylbutyl)-phenol
    —— DL-2-<4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl>-3,3,3-trichlor-propionsaeure 19017-20-0 C10H9Cl3O3
    DL-2-<4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl>-3,3,3-trichlor-propionsaeure
    —— N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-N-propan-2-ylacetamide 1237781-36-0 C16H25NO4
    N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-N-propan-2-ylacetamide
    —— 2-(1,1-dideuteriopenta-2,4-dienyl-3-yl)phenol 129801-81-6 C11H12O
    2-(1,1-dideuteriopenta-2,4-dienyl-3-yl)phenol
    —— N-(p-Methoxy-o-hydroxybenzylidene)-p-aminopyridine 186953-58-2 C13H12N2O2
    N-(p-Methoxy-o-hydroxybenzylidene)-p-aminopyridine
    —— 2-(([(2-methylselanyl)ethyl]imino)methyl)-benzenol 929268-09-7 C10H13NOSe
    2-(([(2-methylselanyl)ethyl]imino)methyl)-benzenol
    —— (R)-4-(2-((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1544695-75-1 C15H16ClNO3
    (R)-4-(2-((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 108587-95-7 C25H35NO3
    —— methyl ester of 2,2-dichloro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 132755-45-4 C11H10Cl2O3
    methyl ester of 2,2-dichloro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(oct-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1083004-19-6 C15H20O2
    2-methoxy-4-(oct-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— Phenol, 2,3,6-trifluoro-4-methoxy- 158626-91-6 C7H5F3O2
    Phenol, 2,3,6-trifluoro-4-methoxy-
    —— p-Bromanilin-2.4-Dinitrophenol-Komplex 39194-25-7 C6H4N2O5*C6H6BrN
    p-Bromanilin-2.4-Dinitrophenol-Komplex
    —— 2-nitrobenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide 316134-28-8 C15H13N3O5
    2-nitrobenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-phenol 876726-99-7 C16H24O5
    3,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (2-fluorophenyl)hydrazone hydrochloride 1234475-40-1 C15H15FN2O3*ClH
    (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (2-fluorophenyl)hydrazone hydrochloride
    —— 3-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenylamino)propyl)-1-methyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium methyl sulphate 282106-85-8 CH3O4S*C13H17N4O3
    3-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenylamino)propyl)-1-methyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium methyl sulphate
    —— (1r,3R,4S)-N-(4-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-bis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide 1427204-48-5 C29H33N5O5
    (1r,3R,4S)-N-(4-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-bis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2,4,6-tris(pyridine-2-ylmethyliminomethyl)-phloroglucinol 1318564-07-6 C27H24N6O3
    2,4,6-tris(pyridine-2-ylmethyliminomethyl)-phloroglucinol
    —— 5-(5-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylsulfonyl-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol 1164106-81-3 C10H9N3O7S
    5-(5-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylsulfonyl-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— tert-butyl (3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl) carbonate 1240408-22-3 C13H18O4
    tert-butyl (3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl) carbonate
    —— 2,2'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(4-methylphenol) 3890-96-8 C16H16N2O2
    2,2'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(4-methylphenol)
    —— 3-allyl-4-methylphenol 41516-23-8 C10H12O
    3-allyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one 51777-54-9 C19H24O5
    1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one
    —— methyl 5-hydroxy-2-[4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)]phenoxymethyl-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate 147067-62-7 C30H44O9Si
    methyl 5-hydroxy-2-[4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)]phenoxymethyl-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate
    —— (2E,4Z)-1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-5-(4-fluoro phenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 1374843-22-7 C19H15BrClFO4
    (2E,4Z)-1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-5-(4-fluoro phenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1032176-40-1 C21H21BrN2O5S
    —— 3,3'-Dihydroxy-α-truxillsaeure 60513-67-9 C18H16O6
    3,3'-Dihydroxy-α-truxillsaeure
    —— Fe(4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol)2 1158186-01-6 C18H12FeN6O4S2
    Fe(4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol)2
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1-methyl-3- (pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione 1254362-80-5 C15H14N6O2S
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1-methyl-3- (pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione