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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-2-(1-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)ethyl)phenol 1359941-13-1 C14H21N3O
    (E)-2-(1-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-Diethyl-4,N-dihydroxy-benzamidine 944326-98-1 C11H16N2O2
    3,5-Diethyl-4,N-dihydroxy-benzamidine
    —— picrate of methyl 4-morpholinophenylacetate N-oxide 111601-69-5 C6H3N3O7*C13H17NO4
    picrate of methyl 4-morpholinophenylacetate N-oxide
    —— 1-(α,β)-D-xylopyranosyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ol 1228878-11-2 C15H22O6
    1-(α,β)-D-xylopyranosyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ol
    —— N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxysalicylaldimine 109025-69-6 C14H12ClNO3
    N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxysalicylaldimine
    —— 2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-41-5 C17H12ClN3O4S
    2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— (2S,4S,4aR,8R,8aR)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromene-4,8-diol 1292847-80-3 C18H24O5
    (2S,4S,4aR,8R,8aR)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromene-4,8-diol
    —— 3-(Difluoromethyl)-5-methylphenol 1261825-87-9 C8H8F2O
    3-(Difluoromethyl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-phenyl- 113465-82-0 C18H17NO4
    5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-phenyl-
    —— α,α'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-bromophenylidene)ketone 1373998-94-7 C20H16Br2O3
    α,α'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-bromophenylidene)ketone
    —— 4-{2-[2-(2-Hydroxy-nonyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 91815-21-3 C21H34O5
    4-{2-[2-(2-Hydroxy-nonyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1<sup>5</sup>,3<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,7<sup>5</sup>-tetra-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-1<sup>2</sup>,3<sup>2</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>,7<sup>2</sup>-tetraol compound with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1:1) 138847-16-2 C9H19N*C44H56O4
    1<sup>5</sup>,3<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,7<sup>5</sup>-tetra-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-1<sup>2</sup>,3<sup>2</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>,7<sup>2</sup>-tetraol compound with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1:1)
    —— 4-{2-[2-(2-Hydroxy-propyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 91815-18-8 C15H22O5
    4-{2-[2-(2-Hydroxy-propyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-[5-(N'-Cyclohexylidene-hydrazino)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-phenol 473725-48-3 C14H16N4OS
    4-[5-(N'-Cyclohexylidene-hydrazino)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-phenol
    —— 2-iodo-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol 1346129-91-6 C8H9IO2
    2-iodo-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— β-Orcilaldehyd 4-butylthiosemicarbazon 21305-71-5 C14H21N3O2S
    β-Orcilaldehyd 4-butylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 41350-36-1 C20H16N2O2S2
    —— N-(2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide 38273-17-5 C19H21Br2NO5
    N-(2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— rac-4-[3-formyl-4-[6-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]hexyl]phenoxy]butanoic acid ethyl ester 150598-30-4 C24H36O6
    rac-4-[3-formyl-4-[6-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]hexyl]phenoxy]butanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— (R)-4'-acetoxyolivetol 189358-18-7 C13H18O4
    (R)-4'-acetoxyolivetol
    —— 3-Methoxy-tetrafluor-phenol 14754-02-0 C7H4F4O2
    3-Methoxy-tetrafluor-phenol
    —— 157117-06-1 C26H40O6
    —— 1,3-bis(2-hydroxybenzylimino)pentane 219656-48-1 C19H22N2O2
    1,3-bis(2-hydroxybenzylimino)pentane
    —— 2-(2'-Hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin 57083-68-8 C15H15NO4
    2-(2'-Hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin
    —— tetramethyl [(bromo)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylthio)methylene]diphosphonate 66347-49-7 C11H16BrNO9P2S
    tetramethyl [(bromo)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylthio)methylene]diphosphonate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-75-6 C15H15FN2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2-<2.4-dihydroxy-phenyl>-3-methyl-benzochinon-(1.4) 93944-38-8 C13H10O5
    5-Hydroxy-2-<2.4-dihydroxy-phenyl>-3-methyl-benzochinon-(1.4)
    —— 6-Dodecyl-3-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)pyran-4-one 1143293-81-5 C23H32O6
    6-Dodecyl-3-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)pyran-4-one
    —— 1574514-60-5 C18H22BrN3O4
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-nitro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzonitrile 1202893-29-5 C12H11N3O5
    4,5-Dihydroxy-3-nitro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzonitrile
    —— 4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenol 878012-86-3 C14H22Cl2O2Si
    4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenol
    —— N,N'-bis(5-allyl-3-methoxysalicylidene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine 1555819-53-8 C28H34N2O4
    N,N'-bis(5-allyl-3-methoxysalicylidene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine
    —— 90317-04-7 C30H34CuN2O6*O4S
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-ethylresorcinol 126521-72-0 C8H8Br2O2
    2,4-dibromo-6-ethylresorcinol
    —— 3-chlorosalicylanil 86010-98-2 C13H10ClNO
    3-chlorosalicylanil
    —— 3-n-(1-n-Heptyl)-octyl-brenzkatechin 16825-46-0 C21H36O2
    3-n-(1-n-Heptyl)-octyl-brenzkatechin
    —— 1319147-94-8 C11H10N6O4S
    —— diethyl 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanedioate 137446-80-1 C18H23Cl4O8P
    diethyl 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanedioate
    —— 1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one 1219943-59-5 C19H19NO4
    1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(nitromethyl)phenol 94400-03-0 C7H3Cl4NO3
    2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(nitromethyl)phenol
    —— 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]glutaric acid 70410-39-8 C12H14O5
    3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]glutaric acid
    —— 2-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]selenophene-3-carbonitrile 1428543-70-7 C17H15FN2OSe
    2-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]selenophene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 3-(1-piperidin-1-yl-hept-2-ynyl)-phenol 37679-25-7 C18H25NO
    3-(1-piperidin-1-yl-hept-2-ynyl)-phenol
    —— 2,5-Bis-<4-hydroxy-3-methyl-benzyliden>-cyclopentanon 27060-69-1 C21H20O3
    2,5-Bis-<4-hydroxy-3-methyl-benzyliden>-cyclopentanon
    —— (5S)-heudolotinone 1207264-92-3 C18H20O2
    (5S)-heudolotinone
    —— 2-cyclohexyl-6-[4-(3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)-2,3,6-trimethylbenzyl]pyridin-3-ol 1253211-13-0 C24H28N2O3
    2-cyclohexyl-6-[4-(3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)-2,3,6-trimethylbenzyl]pyridin-3-ol
    —— 51084-46-9 C10H9Br2N3O2S
    —— 2-(γ-chloro-isopentyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 861008-87-9 C12H17ClO2
    2-(γ-chloro-isopentyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-isopropoxy-benzyl)-thiazolidin-4-one 1255933-38-0 C20H23NO4S
    2-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-isopropoxy-benzyl)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]-3-methylphenol 1031392-34-3 C12H12F6O3
    4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]-3-methylphenol