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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetic acid methyl ester 30512-71-1 C10H12O3S
    (4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— H2cd5NO2salpd 1239496-54-8 C17H21N3O3S2
    H2cd5NO2salpd
    —— 5-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methylphenol 1261977-39-2 C13H14OS
    5-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-diolate 23350-89-2 C6H4O3
    5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-diolate
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[tetrahydro-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2H-pyran-2-yl]phenol 109230-85-5 C19H22O5
    2-Methoxy-4-[tetrahydro-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2H-pyran-2-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Acetyl-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 287729-37-7 C12H12O4
    4-Acetyl-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (E)-N'-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxylbenzylidene)acetohydrazide 1193731-90-6 C10H12N2O3
    (E)-N'-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxylbenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)-N-prop-2-enylbenzamide 94295-94-0 C12H12N2O5
    3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)-N-prop-2-enylbenzamide
    —— 6-<1'-(3'-butenyl)>-4-chloro-2-(1-hexynyl)-3-methoxyphenol 137395-19-8 C17H21ClO2
    6-<1'-(3'-butenyl)>-4-chloro-2-(1-hexynyl)-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol 277332-63-5 C17H16O2
    4-[(2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol
    —— 4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-aethylpropyl)-phenol 17077-26-8 C11H14N2O5
    4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-aethylpropyl)-phenol
    —— 5-Nitro-2-hydroxyphenylacetamid 42729-80-6 C8H8N2O4
    5-Nitro-2-hydroxyphenylacetamid
    —— 1272609-99-0 C12H15BrO
    —— piperidine salt of (E,Z)-5-(2-hydroxyphenylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine 145903-73-7 C5H11N*C10H7NO2S2
    piperidine salt of (E,Z)-5-(2-hydroxyphenylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine
    —— N-propargyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide 1033606-04-0 C11H10N2O4
    N-propargyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-benzyl-3-(2-furyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-nitropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 1210910-40-9 C22H20N2O6
    2-benzyl-3-(2-furyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-nitropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 4736-30-5 C11H10O3
    (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— methyl 5-[(E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl]furan-2-carboxylate 1065477-41-9 C15H14O5
    methyl 5-[(E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl]furan-2-carboxylate
    —— N(1),N(1)'-(pentane-1,5-diyl)bis(2-hydroxy-N(3)-methyl-5-nitrobenzene-1,3-dicarbamide) 1100758-51-7 C23H26N6O10
    N(1),N(1)'-(pentane-1,5-diyl)bis(2-hydroxy-N(3)-methyl-5-nitrobenzene-1,3-dicarbamide)
    —— Potassium;4-[(dithiocarboxyamino)carbamothioyl]phenolate 1383613-81-7 C8H7N2OS3*K
    Potassium;4-[(dithiocarboxyamino)carbamothioyl]phenolate
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261961-37-8 C11H9FOS
    3-Fluoro-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2,4-Dimethyl-6-octadecylresorcinol 21093-29-8 C26H46O2
    2,4-Dimethyl-6-octadecylresorcinol
    —— 2-tert-butyl-6-(cyclohexyliminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 278602-17-8 C18H27NO2
    2-tert-butyl-6-(cyclohexyliminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— salicylic acid-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidenehydrazide) 53429-74-6 C14H10Br2N2O3
    salicylic acid-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidenehydrazide)
    —— C6H4-1-(OH)-3-(CH=NC6H2-2,4,6-Me3) 1225022-20-7 C16H17NO
    C6H4-1-(OH)-3-(CH=NC6H2-2,4,6-Me3)
    —— 2,6-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 894073-23-5 C14H13N5O3
    2,6-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (silver(I)(2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine)(5,5-diethylbarbiturate) 1257225-96-9 C16H23AgN4O4
    (silver(I)(2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine)(5,5-diethylbarbiturate)
    —— 2-(thiophen-3-ylethynyl)phenol 1286764-00-8 C12H8OS
    2-(thiophen-3-ylethynyl)phenol
    —— 4-[(Z)-N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-6-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol 7466-24-2 C8H8N2O5
    4-[(Z)-N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-6-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-pentylhexyl)-phenol 6987-45-7 C17H26N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-pentylhexyl)-phenol
    —— 3-Nitro-salicylsaeure-decylamid 94861-54-8 C17H26N2O4
    3-Nitro-salicylsaeure-decylamid
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid 74882-05-6 C12H16O5
    4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— 2-tert-butyl-6([(2-hydroxybenzyl)[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amino]methyl)-4-methoxylphenol 1236146-86-3 C26H32N2O3
    2-tert-butyl-6([(2-hydroxybenzyl)[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amino]methyl)-4-methoxylphenol
    —— 2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-methoxyphenol 1447973-72-9 C13H22O3Si
    2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— (Z)-3-((5-(tert-butyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylene)-6-((Z)-3-hydroxybenzylidene)piperazine-2,5-dione 714273-08-2 C19H20N4O3
    (Z)-3-((5-(tert-butyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylene)-6-((Z)-3-hydroxybenzylidene)piperazine-2,5-dione
    —— (E)-1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-N-[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]propan-2-amine 1033425-30-7 C11H10Cl4N2O3
    (E)-1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-N-[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]propan-2-amine
    —— N-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide 299170-23-3 C16H14N4O3
    N-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide
    —— 2,5-Dimethyl-4-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylideneamino]phenol 908331-54-4 C15H16N2O
    2,5-Dimethyl-4-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylideneamino]phenol
    —— [1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethanesulfonyl]-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 15015-20-0 C20H22N4O8S
    [1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethanesulfonyl]-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-(2-aethoxy-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazon 18964-99-3 C18H21N3O3S
    5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-(2-aethoxy-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazon
    —— N,N'-2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl-bis(3-methyl-1-salicylideneimine) 1258268-47-1 C20H24N2O2
    N,N'-2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl-bis(3-methyl-1-salicylideneimine)
    —— 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2-((((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-2-(isobutoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol 130147-58-9 C30H35N3O4
    2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2-((((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-2-(isobutoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol
    —— 2-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1322596-76-8 C12H18O3
    2-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-sec-butylamino-2-methyl-phenol 437702-36-8 C11H17NO
    5-sec-butylamino-2-methyl-phenol
    —— o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-(β-hydroxy-ethylamid) 21401-61-6 C11H11NO3
    o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-(β-hydroxy-ethylamid)
    —— Salicylaldehyde, 5-nitro-, iso-butylmethylhydrazone 1617-63-6 C12H17N3O3
    Salicylaldehyde, 5-nitro-, iso-butylmethylhydrazone
    —— N-(pyridine-2-ylethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzylideneamine 137129-35-2 C14H14N2O
    N-(pyridine-2-ylethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzylideneamine
    —— 2-Methyl-4-<2'-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-phenyl>-buten-(3)-ol-(2) 100256-96-0 C12H16O3
    2-Methyl-4-<2'-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-phenyl>-buten-(3)-ol-(2)
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-benzoic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenylazo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 142274-51-9 C21H16N6O7
    3,5-Dinitro-benzoic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenylazo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 3-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nitro-benzoic acid 855362-96-8 C8H6BrNO5
    3-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nitro-benzoic acid