摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[3-[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)amino]propyliminomethyl]phenol 1365148-30-6 C26H37Cl2N3O5Si
    4-Chloro-2-[3-[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)amino]propyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-(4,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 804548-29-6 C21H13F2N3O2
    4-(4,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (2,6-Diethyl-phenyl)-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amine; compound with picric acid 34397-36-9 C6H3N3O7*C19H30N4O
    (2,6-Diethyl-phenyl)-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amine; compound with picric acid
    —— 3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethyl]-phenol 47167-77-1 C17H21NO3
    3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— ((7a<i>R</i>)-(7a<i>r</i>)-hexahydropyrrolizin-1<i>c</i>-yl)-methanol; picrate 23179-41-1 C6H3N3O7*C8H15NO
    ((7a<i>R</i>)-(7a<i>r</i>)-hexahydropyrrolizin-1<i>c</i>-yl)-methanol; picrate
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-(2-phenyl-5-pyrazin-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 75303-22-9 C20H18N4O2
    2-Methoxy-6-(2-phenyl-5-pyrazin-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-<2-Cyclohexyliden-aethyl>-m-kresol 782-48-9 C15H20O
    4-<2-Cyclohexyliden-aethyl>-m-kresol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butan-2-ol 684239-45-0 C13H20O4
    4-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butan-2-ol
    —— 4-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-6-diethylamino-2,10-dimethyldibenzo[d.g][1.3.2]dioxaphosphocin 251920-11-3 C31H40NO3P
    4-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-6-diethylamino-2,10-dimethyldibenzo[d.g][1.3.2]dioxaphosphocin
    —— α-Brom-o-hydroxy-zimtsaeure-diethylamid 14813-15-1 C13H16BrNO2
    α-Brom-o-hydroxy-zimtsaeure-diethylamid
    —— Methyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl ester 53635-92-0 C8H9NO2S2
    Methyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl ester
    —— N-<(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(5-methyl-(2)-furyl)-methyl>-N-methyl-carbaminsaeure-methylester 7646-31-3 C15H17NO4
    N-<(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(5-methyl-(2)-furyl)-methyl>-N-methyl-carbaminsaeure-methylester
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)butanamide 1515405-86-3 C13H19NO5
    3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)butanamide
    —— 4-(adamantan-2-ylaminomethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 1157458-60-0 C17H23NO2
    4-(adamantan-2-ylaminomethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 6-amino-2-bromo-4-chloro-3-methyl-phenol 876473-21-1 C7H7BrClNO
    6-amino-2-bromo-4-chloro-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl trifluoroacetate 1056355-55-5 C10H9F3O4
    3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl trifluoroacetate
    —— 4-(5-Furfuryl-furfuryl)-phenol 93011-80-4 C16H14O3
    4-(5-Furfuryl-furfuryl)-phenol
    —— 4-(2-Methylbut-3-en-2-yl)guajakol 28012-19-3 C12H16O2
    4-(2-Methylbut-3-en-2-yl)guajakol
    —— 2-methyl-4-methoxy-5-diethylaminophenol 137290-96-1 C12H19NO2
    2-methyl-4-methoxy-5-diethylaminophenol
    —— 5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one 89892-62-6 C8H5ClN2O3
    5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one
    —— 4-[[2,2-Bis(ethylsulfonyl)-1-(4-hydroxyanilino)ethenyl]amino]phenol 90429-58-6 C18H22N2O6S2
    4-[[2,2-Bis(ethylsulfonyl)-1-(4-hydroxyanilino)ethenyl]amino]phenol
    —— 2878-92-4 C25H17N3O4S
    —— 4-methoxy-5-<(2-methoxypyrid-5-yl)methyl>-2-methylphenol 117653-30-2 C15H17NO3
    4-methoxy-5-<(2-methoxypyrid-5-yl)methyl>-2-methylphenol
    —— 2-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetamidoxim 54669-59-9 C9H12N2O4
    2-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetamidoxim
    —— 2-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 851661-26-2 C18H14ClN7O3
    2-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)hydroxylamine 89937-61-1 C7H9NO2
    N-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)hydroxylamine
    —— N-Dodecyl-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamid 70382-09-1 C19H30N2O4
    N-Dodecyl-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamid
    —— tris-(2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzylideneamino)ethyl)amine 138805-06-8 C30H36N4O3
    tris-(2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzylideneamino)ethyl)amine
    —— 3,4-dicyclohexyloxyphenol 1330575-13-7 C18H26O3
    3,4-dicyclohexyloxyphenol
    —— 3,4-Dichloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)phenol 1804516-99-1 C7H4Cl2F2O2
    3,4-Dichloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)phenol
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4'-N-(β-methoxyethyl)-aminodiphenylamine 74032-81-8 C16H20N2O3
    2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4'-N-(β-methoxyethyl)-aminodiphenylamine
    —— (Z)-3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-2-{[(5,6-diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-hydrazono]-phenyl-methyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acrylamide 118509-14-1 C37H25Cl2N7O4
    (Z)-3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-2-{[(5,6-diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-hydrazono]-phenyl-methyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acrylamide
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 1314759-53-9 C10H9NO
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-cyclopentyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 97442-74-5 C15H21NO3
    2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-cyclopentyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-Brom-5-methyl-salicylaldehyd-anil 93647-58-6 C14H12BrNO
    3-Brom-5-methyl-salicylaldehyd-anil
    —— 2-methoxyethyl 4-hydroxybenzimidate hydrochloride 106307-00-0 C10H13NO3*ClH
    2-methoxyethyl 4-hydroxybenzimidate hydrochloride
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one 101986-19-0 C20H18O5
    3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— (3-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-acetonitrile 54246-10-5 C9H8ClNO3
    (3-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-acetonitrile
    —— 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-isophthalaldehyde 28006-90-8 C9H8O5
    4,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-isophthalaldehyde
    —— 4-(2-propenoxy)-2,3-difluorophenol 909111-73-5 C9H8F2O2
    4-(2-propenoxy)-2,3-difluorophenol
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-4-(thiophen-2-yl)benzene 365548-62-5 C10H8O2S
    1,3-dihydroxy-4-(thiophen-2-yl)benzene
    —— 5-<4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl>-4,5-dihydro-furan-2-on 14657-81-9 C11H12O4
    5-<4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl>-4,5-dihydro-furan-2-on
    —— 2-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl)salicylaldimine 3266-80-6 C15H15NO
    2-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl)salicylaldimine
    —— 5.6-dinitro-o-cresol 70637-65-9 C7H6N2O5
    5.6-dinitro-o-cresol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester 56733-62-1 C11H17O4P
    (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 5-Phenyl-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidenhydrazono)-3-(4-fluorphenyl)4-oxo-thiazolidin 16113-58-9 C22H16FN3O2S
    5-Phenyl-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidenhydrazono)-3-(4-fluorphenyl)4-oxo-thiazolidin
    —— 2-Oxo-1-benzyl-4-propyl-5-aethyl-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin 5082-99-5 C24H32N2O2
    2-Oxo-1-benzyl-4-propyl-5-aethyl-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— N-cyclohexyl-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propane-1-sulfonamide 1444693-90-6 C16H25NO3S
    N-cyclohexyl-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propane-1-sulfonamide
    —— Methoxypikrinsaeure 15445-98-4 C7H5N3O8
    Methoxypikrinsaeure
    —— 4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)aminomethylphenol 94914-93-9 C19H23NO3
    4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)aminomethylphenol