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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(3,5-bis((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) acetic acid 1335312-31-6 C23H22N2O6
    2-(3,5-bis((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) acetic acid
    —— 2-bromo-6-[(2-ethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol 1451054-33-3 C11H15BrN2O
    2-bromo-6-[(2-ethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— tris(hydrogen 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonato)iron(III) 83981-83-3 C18H15As3FeN3O18
    tris(hydrogen 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonato)iron(III)
    —— [Zn(OH)(water)(1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dionate)] 1261629-16-6 C21H22O8Zn
    [Zn(OH)(water)(1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dionate)]
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1-iminoethyl)phenol 92832-02-5 C8H8BrNO
    4-bromo-2-(1-iminoethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-{[(E)-5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 117616-44-1 C15H12N4O3
    2-Methoxy-5-{[(E)-5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-((3,4,5-tribromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)phenol 1262050-71-4 C10H6Br4N2O
    4-bromo-2-((3,4,5-tribromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-[C-ethyl-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)carbonimidoyl]phenol 1334482-46-0 C15H19N3O
    2-[C-ethyl-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)carbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— 1269665-23-7 C13H11FN2O
    —— 2-{[(E)-5-Pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 117616-35-0 C14H10N4O2
    2-{[(E)-5-Pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-1-hydroxybutyl)phenol 193687-91-1 C12H18O3
    5-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-1-hydroxybutyl)phenol
    —— 6-[2-(1H-Imidazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 51652-29-0 C10H10N4O
    6-[2-(1H-Imidazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— diisopropyl [2,2-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)-3-(ethylamino)propyl]phosphonate picrate 1392514-18-9 C6H3N3O7*C15H32N5O3P
    diisopropyl [2,2-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)-3-(ethylamino)propyl]phosphonate picrate
    —— picric acid*4-ethylpyridine 73000-52-9 C6H3N3O7*C7H9N
    picric acid*4-ethylpyridine
    —— 253183-71-0 C40H36N6O2Ru
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenaethyl)-4-hydroxy-phenyl-acetamid 21411-17-6 C17H19NO4
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenaethyl)-4-hydroxy-phenyl-acetamid
    —— 2-(2-acetoxy-3-chloro)propyl-6-methoxyphenol 91520-03-5 C12H15ClO4
    2-(2-acetoxy-3-chloro)propyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,3,5,6,7,7aα-Hexahydro-3β,5β-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolizin-pikrat 138615-22-2 C6H3N3O7*C9H17N
    2,3,5,6,7,7aα-Hexahydro-3β,5β-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolizin-pikrat
    —— 4-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde ; picrate 35437-25-3 C6H3N3O7*C9H11NO
    4-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde ; picrate
    —— 1-Methyl-2-hydroxy-3,5-benzodintril 31919-07-0 C9H6N2O
    1-Methyl-2-hydroxy-3,5-benzodintril
    —— 1-<β-(N-methylanilino)ethyl>-5-ethoxybenzotriazole dipicrate 94120-45-3 2C6H3N3O7*C17H20N4O
    1-<β-(N-methylanilino)ethyl>-5-ethoxybenzotriazole dipicrate
    —— N-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminocaproic acid 93673-24-6 C13H17NO4
    N-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminocaproic acid
    —— N-butyl-2,3,3-trichloro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyclobutenecarboxamide 96964-83-9 C15H16Cl3NO2
    N-butyl-2,3,3-trichloro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyclobutenecarboxamide
    —— (-)-heliotridane picrate 134457-92-4 C6H3N3O7*C8H15N
    (-)-heliotridane picrate
    —— (6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine) (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) 96464-28-7 C6H3N3O7*C7H5BrN2S
    (6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine) (2,4,6-trinitrophenol)
    —— (E)-1,1,2,2-tetracyano-6-(dimethylamino)-6-(dimethyliminio)hex-4-en-1-ide compound with picric acid (1:1) 129137-98-0 C6H3N3O7*C14H16N6
    (E)-1,1,2,2-tetracyano-6-(dimethylamino)-6-(dimethyliminio)hex-4-en-1-ide compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— 2,5-bis-hydroxymethyl-[1,4]benzoquinone; compound of 2.5-bis-hydroxymethyl-benzoquinone-(1.4) with 2.5-bis-hydroxymethyl-hydroquinone 119220-94-9 C8H8O4*C8H10O4
    2,5-bis-hydroxymethyl-[1,4]benzoquinone; compound of 2.5-bis-hydroxymethyl-benzoquinone-(1.4) with 2.5-bis-hydroxymethyl-hydroquinone
    —— 6-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-[S-(-)-(2-methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl-3-nitrobenzene 276703-52-7 C12H15ClN2O6S
    6-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-[S-(-)-(2-methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl-3-nitrobenzene
    —— 1447448-28-3 C16H14O
    —— 864629-14-1 C16H16N4O2S
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-4-p-tolyl-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 77203-57-7 C17H12Br2N2OS
    2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-4-p-tolyl-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— picric acid ; picrate of <i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-urea 87448-62-2 C3H8N2O*C6H3N3O7
    picric acid ; picrate of <i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-urea
    —— picric acid ; thiourea picrate 77812-81-8 CH4N2S*C6H3N3O7
    picric acid ; thiourea picrate
    —— 2-(2-(ethylamino)ethyliminomethyl)-4-bromophenol 1266680-10-7 C11H15BrN2O
    2-(2-(ethylamino)ethyliminomethyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— o-LiOC6H4OH 102902-50-1 C6H5O2*Li
    o-LiOC6H4OH
    —— <i>m</i>-anisidine; picrate 10530-52-6 C6H3N3O7*C7H9NO
    <i>m</i>-anisidine; picrate
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-methylselanyl-phenol 65326-00-3 C9H12OSe
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-methylselanyl-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxythiobenz-4'-methylpiperidid 57954-37-7 C13H17NOS
    2-Hydroxythiobenz-4'-methylpiperidid
    —— picric acid ; anisole picrate 37439-04-6 C6H3N3O7*C7H8O
    picric acid ; anisole picrate
    —— 2,3-Dichloro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 637728-11-1 C8H6Cl2O3
    2,3-Dichloro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1251485-62-7 C16H11F3N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(5-nitrosalicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine 38226-32-3 C20H14N4O6
    N,N'-bis(5-nitrosalicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine
    —— 2-(N-Methylaminomethyl)pyridin-1-oxid-monopikrat 83798-17-8 C6H3N3O7*C7H10N2O
    2-(N-Methylaminomethyl)pyridin-1-oxid-monopikrat
    —— 1-propylimidazolium picrate 1361182-29-7 C6H3N3O7*C6H10N2
    1-propylimidazolium picrate
    —— 12,17-Dimethyl-5-oxa-1,9,12,17-tetraaza-bicyclo[7.5.5]nonadecane; compound with picric acid 124807-81-4 2C6H3N3O7*C16H34N4O
    12,17-Dimethyl-5-oxa-1,9,12,17-tetraaza-bicyclo[7.5.5]nonadecane; compound with picric acid
    —— c-2-[3-chloro-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-phenyl]-ethanol 1092167-11-7 C12H17ClO4
    c-2-[3-chloro-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-phenyl]-ethanol
    —— 5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-methyl- 113465-83-1 C12H11Br2NO3
    5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-methyl-
    —— 4,4'-[6-(Di-n-pentyl-amino)-s-triazine-2,4-diyl]-diresorcinol 192947-36-7 C25H32N4O4
    4,4'-[6-(Di-n-pentyl-amino)-s-triazine-2,4-diyl]-diresorcinol
    —— 1-(β-morpholinoethyl)-6-benzotriazole dipicrate 94120-55-5 2C6H3N3O7*C14H20N4O2
    1-(β-morpholinoethyl)-6-benzotriazole dipicrate
    —— 4-chloro-2-[5-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenol 1044735-06-9 C14H14ClN3O
    4-chloro-2-[5-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenol