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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-chlorothiophen-5-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide 478401-37-5 C19H16ClNO3S
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-chlorothiophen-5-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide
    —— [Cyano-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester 17179-02-1 C11H12N2O3
    [Cyano-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester
    —— Tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphinoxid, Phenol 67312-44-1 C6H6O*C6H18N3OP
    Tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphinoxid, Phenol
    —— 2,3-Dichloro-6-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxime 51571-17-6 C7H5Cl2NO2
    2,3-Dichloro-6-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxime
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol 80301-54-8 C16H17NO3
    2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol
    —— 75442-60-3 C6H3N3O7*C18H28NO5P
    —— 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl isothiocyanate 209911-43-3 C9H8BrNOS
    2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl isothiocyanate
    —— [MeHg(4-SC6H4N=CHC6H4OH)] 342607-59-4 C14H13HgNOS
    [MeHg(4-SC6H4N=CHC6H4OH)]
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-iminobuttersaeureaethylester 5294-48-4 C12H14N4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-iminobuttersaeureaethylester
    —— 4-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole 1141896-19-6 C15H11ClN2O2S
    4-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole
    —— Methyl alpha-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2(5H)-furanylidene)benzeneacetate 54805-74-2 C19H14O6
    Methyl alpha-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2(5H)-furanylidene)benzeneacetate
    —— 1388207-61-1 C37H27N3O4S2
    —— 34294-39-8 C12H16N2O3
    —— 1007344-99-1 C14H15N3O
    —— Allyl-(4-hydroxy-2.5-dimethyl-phenyl)-aether 3732-02-3 C11H14O2
    Allyl-(4-hydroxy-2.5-dimethyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— 1,3-di[o-(o-vanillideneimino)phenoxo]-2-propanol 219973-61-2 C31H30N2O7
    1,3-di[o-(o-vanillideneimino)phenoxo]-2-propanol
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-dipropoxyphenol 257641-02-4 C13H20O3
    4-methyl-2,6-dipropoxyphenol
    —— 2-Chloro-4-hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide 1260883-61-1 C7H7ClN2O
    2-Chloro-4-hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-(4-Methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-phenol 95059-06-6 C12H14O2
    2-(4-Methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-phenol
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-1,4-bis-salicylidenamino-1,4-dideoxy-D-threitol 113091-74-0 C21H24N2O4
    <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-1,4-bis-salicylidenamino-1,4-dideoxy-D-threitol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzoic acid amide 855262-82-7 C7H6N2O4
    3-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzoic acid amide
    —— 3-(3-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropoxypropionic acid ethyl ester 334016-55-6 C20H31NO6
    3-(3-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropoxypropionic acid ethyl ester
    —— potassium salt of 2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrohexadecananilide 60301-89-5 C22H35N2O4*K
    potassium salt of 2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrohexadecananilide
    —— 2-<3.5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-glutaconsaeure-diethylester 98562-26-6 C17H22O5
    2-<3.5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-glutaconsaeure-diethylester
    —— N'-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)decanohydrazide 303065-03-4 C17H26N2O2
    N'-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)decanohydrazide
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]isothiourea 129426-10-4 C8H9N3O3S
    2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]isothiourea
    —— [Amino-(3,4-dichloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid 135473-68-6 C7H8Cl2NO4P
    [Amino-(3,4-dichloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— 4-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Nonafluoroheptoxy)phenol 1071968-21-2 C13H11F9O2
    4-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Nonafluoroheptoxy)phenol
    —— 2-(6-hydrazineylpyrazin-2-yl)phenol 1305197-17-4 C10H10N4O
    2-(6-hydrazineylpyrazin-2-yl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-(5-benzyl-4-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-yl)-6-methylphenol 1261297-87-3 C20H24N2O2
    (S)-2-(5-benzyl-4-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-yl)-6-methylphenol
    —— [Hydroxy-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 50652-89-6 C11H17O5P
    [Hydroxy-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran picrate 109505-42-2 C14H11N3O8
    2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran picrate
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-[3-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-propyl]-phenol 123973-96-6 C13H18O3
    4-Methoxy-2-[3-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-propyl]-phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one oxime 153822-81-2 C10H13NO2
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one oxime
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylamino)indan 133276-15-0 C17H19NO2
    2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylamino)indan
    —— 2-(3-chloropropyl)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 1333321-56-4 C47H61ClO4
    2-(3-chloropropyl)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepin 20435-63-6 C17H16N2O2
    4-(4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepin
    —— 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-6-hydroxyphthalonitrile 167492-64-0 C16H20N2O2
    3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-6-hydroxyphthalonitrile
    —— 2-[(E)-(2-((1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propyl)-2-methylhydrazono)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 1024026-73-0 C18H22N2O3
    2-[(E)-(2-((1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propyl)-2-methylhydrazono)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (Ξ)-[3-hydroxy-2-(7-hydroxy-octyl)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-acetic acid 94802-28-5 C17H26O5
    (Ξ)-[3-hydroxy-2-(7-hydroxy-octyl)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-acetic acid
    —— o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-dipropylamid 21315-58-2 C15H19NO2
    o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-dipropylamid
    —— 5-Isobutylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 2932-02-7 C13H18O3S
    5-Isobutylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 1.5-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pentane 10365-38-5 C19H24O4
    1.5-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pentane
    —— 1258500-70-7 C22H36O2Si
    —— 5-(dithiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1227746-98-6 C16H14O2S2
    5-(dithiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— S,S-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfimide picrate 55975-86-5 C6H3N3O7*C8H11NS
    S,S-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfimide picrate
    —— 82057-00-9 C28H26Cl3N2O3W
    —— p-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)phenol 1237526-93-0 C12H20O3Si
    p-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)phenol
    —— N-[(1S,2R)-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)cyclohexanecarboxy]-α-L-fucopyranosylamine 1329602-77-8 C20H28N2O8
    N-[(1S,2R)-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)cyclohexanecarboxy]-α-L-fucopyranosylamine
    —— 5-chloro-α-(isopropylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol hydrochloride 33650-49-6 C12H18ClNO3*ClH
    5-chloro-α-(isopropylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol hydrochloride