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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-acetyl-5-nitrosalicylhydrazine 904285-39-8 C9H9N3O5
    N-acetyl-5-nitrosalicylhydrazine
    —— 2-(3-Chloro-1-propan-2-ylsulfanylpropyl)phenol 111437-36-6 C12H17ClOS
    2-(3-Chloro-1-propan-2-ylsulfanylpropyl)phenol
    —— N-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide 1430097-73-6 C10H10N2O4
    N-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-6-methylphenol 113397-97-0 C8H7F3O2
    2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— β-<4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenoxy>-milchsaeure 13057-66-4 C10H12O6
    β-<4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenoxy>-milchsaeure
    —— 2-{[6-(4-fluoro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]ozadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 851661-11-5 C18H14FN7O3
    2-{[6-(4-fluoro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]ozadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-nitrophenol 944355-71-9 C8H8BrNO4
    4-bromo-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-nitrophenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-iodo-o-crotylphenol 1026070-27-8 C10H10ClIO
    4-chloro-2-iodo-o-crotylphenol
    —— 2-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]ozadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-4-methoxy-phenol 851661-25-1 C18H14ClN7O3
    2-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]ozadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyliden)-isopropylamin 54979-80-5 C11H15NO2
    N-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyliden)-isopropylamin
    —— tert-butyl 4-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylate 1269025-19-5 C16H20FNO3
    tert-butyl 4-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-(2-dibutylamino-ethoxy)-phenol 841200-54-2 C16H27NO2
    4-(2-dibutylamino-ethoxy)-phenol
    —— 1118429-94-9 C109H148N8O12
    —— 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-dimethylazoxybenzene 119176-66-8 C14H14N2O3
    4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-dimethylazoxybenzene
    —— N,N'-bis{4-[1-(2-ethylpiperidino)oxy]salicylidene}-4,5-methoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine 1207543-42-7 C36H46N4O6
    N,N'-bis{4-[1-(2-ethylpiperidino)oxy]salicylidene}-4,5-methoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— 4-(2-Pyridin-2-ylethynyl)phenol 1470072-34-4 C13H9NO
    4-(2-Pyridin-2-ylethynyl)phenol
    —— (1S,9R)-3-Hydroxy-12-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-benzyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5,13-dimethyl-11,13-diaza-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-10-one 82622-13-7 C25H32N2O7
    (1S,9R)-3-Hydroxy-12-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-benzyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5,13-dimethyl-11,13-diaza-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-10-one
    —— (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methanone oxime 97034-92-9 C11H8ClNO2S
    (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methanone oxime
    —— 2,4,2',4'-Tetrahydroxy-diphenylamin 91570-02-4 C12H11NO4
    2,4,2',4'-Tetrahydroxy-diphenylamin
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)iminopentan-2-one 59554-47-1 C11H13NO2
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)iminopentan-2-one
    —— 2-Amino-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-7,7-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide 200281-29-4 C20H22N2O3S
    2-Amino-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-7,7-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide
    —— ((((2,4,6,8-tetraheptyl-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octahydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-15,35,55,75-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis((2,2-dimethoxyethyl)azanediyl))tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(dibutylphosphine oxide) 1439386-11-4 C112H200N4O20P4
    ((((2,4,6,8-tetraheptyl-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octahydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-15,35,55,75-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis((2,2-dimethoxyethyl)azanediyl))tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(dibutylphosphine oxide)
    —— 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde hydrazone 36231-52-4 C7H7ClN2O
    5-chlorosalicylaldehyde hydrazone
    —— picric acid , N,N'-dibutyl-formamidine picrate 2303-93-7 C6H3N3O7*C9H20N2
    picric acid , N,N'-dibutyl-formamidine picrate
    —— 5-[2-[3-[2-[3,5-Bis[2-[3,5-bis[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]-5-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]benzene-1,3-diol 1300115-35-8 C78H78O30
    5-[2-[3-[2-[3,5-Bis[2-[3,5-bis[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]-5-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 6-Amino-2-(5-chlorsalicylidenhydrazino)-4-methylpyrimidin 91396-33-7 C12H12ClN5O
    6-Amino-2-(5-chlorsalicylidenhydrazino)-4-methylpyrimidin
    —— o-Hydroxyacetophenon-3-hydroxy-1-propylimin 42246-38-8 C11H15NO2
    o-Hydroxyacetophenon-3-hydroxy-1-propylimin
    —— 4,12,18,21,26,29-hexaoxa-1,15-diazatricyclo[13.8.8.16,10]dotriaconta-6(32),7,9-trien-32-ol 111635-72-4 C24H40N2O7
    4,12,18,21,26,29-hexaoxa-1,15-diazatricyclo[13.8.8.16,10]dotriaconta-6(32),7,9-trien-32-ol
    —— ethyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-pentenoate 85960-59-4 C14H18O3
    ethyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-pentenoate
    —— (1S,9R)-3-Hydroxy-12-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-benzyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5,13-dimethyl-11,13-diaza-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-10-one 82622-13-7 C25H32N2O7
    (1S,9R)-3-Hydroxy-12-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-benzyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5,13-dimethyl-11,13-diaza-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-10-one
    —— Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-[[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)imino]methyl]- 144836-18-0 C16H15N3O2
    Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-[[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)imino]methyl]-
    —— 2-(α-Diaethylsulfid)-6-methylphenol 68823-69-8 C11H16OS
    2-(α-Diaethylsulfid)-6-methylphenol
    —— 126876-79-7 C30H45Te2*F6P
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylamino)-5-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one 1627615-15-9 C12H13NO4
    4-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylamino)-5-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one
    —— Dithiophosphoric acid O,O'-diethyl ester S-[3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl] ester 17733-51-6 C13H21O3PS2
    Dithiophosphoric acid O,O'-diethyl ester S-[3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl] ester
    —— 3,4-dimethoxy-5-heneicosanylphenol 142382-26-1 C29H52O3
    3,4-dimethoxy-5-heneicosanylphenol
    —— 4-Methoxyphenol;hydrofluoride 663172-81-4 C7H9FO2
    4-Methoxyphenol;hydrofluoride
    —— 2-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-N-octadecyl-acetamide 3232-43-7 C34H61NO3
    2-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-N-octadecyl-acetamide
    —— 3-((E)-4-Bromo-3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenol 287970-54-1 C13H17BrO2
    3-((E)-4-Bromo-3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-bromphenyl)-cyclopenten 23964-04-7 C14H17BrO
    2,3-Dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-bromphenyl)-cyclopenten
    —— 4-chloro-2-(4,6-dimethyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-phenol 5289-07-6 C11H10ClN3O
    4-chloro-2-(4,6-dimethyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-N'-<pyridyl-(3)-acetyl>-hydrazin 19731-12-5 C14H13N3O2
    N-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-N'-<pyridyl-(3)-acetyl>-hydrazin
    —— 1-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>(1-<sup>14</sup>C)-ethan 15212-06-3 C9H12O3
    1-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>(1-<sup>14</sup>C)-ethan
    —— (R)-4'-(octan-2-yloxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-d8-4-ol 612480-61-2 C20H26O2
    (R)-4'-(octan-2-yloxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-d8-4-ol
    —— 2,2-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromphenyl)-adamantan 52403-45-9 C22H20Br4O2
    2,2-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromphenyl)-adamantan
    —— 2,2'-Dithio-bis-(4,6-dichlor-resorcinol) 2517-84-2 C12H6Cl4O4S2
    2,2'-Dithio-bis-(4,6-dichlor-resorcinol)
    —— 4-(5-furan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol 1224583-60-1 C13H12N2O2
    4-(5-furan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2,6-Diallyl-hydrochinon 7330-82-7 C12H14O2
    2,6-Diallyl-hydrochinon
    —— 2,5-diethoxy-3,6-dichloro-hydroquinone 858219-10-0 C10H12Cl2O4
    2,5-diethoxy-3,6-dichloro-hydroquinone
    —— Isoetharine hydrochloride, (1R,2R)-(+/-)- 52520-17-9 C13H22ClNO3
    Isoetharine hydrochloride, (1R,2R)-(+/-)-