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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde 72543-89-6 C8H7BrO3
    4-Bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(2-tert-Butylsulfanyl-ethylsulfanyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 37708-51-3 C14H22OS2
    4-(2-tert-Butylsulfanyl-ethylsulfanyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— N-methylcyclohexylamine picrate 92035-18-2 C6H3N3O7*C7H15N
    N-methylcyclohexylamine picrate
    —— (R)-6,6'-((1E,1'E)-((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3,5-dibromo-2-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)phenol) 1582779-35-8 C36H36Br4N4O2
    (R)-6,6'-((1E,1'E)-((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3,5-dibromo-2-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)phenol)
    —— 3-Amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenol 67731-32-2 C8H11NO3
    3-Amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-pyridin-3-yl-propenone oxime 36257-00-8 C14H12N2O2
    (E)-3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-pyridin-3-yl-propenone oxime
    —— 2-amino-6-bromophenol hydrochloride 944355-65-1 C6H6BrNO*ClH
    2-amino-6-bromophenol hydrochloride
    —— (Ni(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexathia-cyclooctadecane))(picrate)2 33270-88-1 2C6H2N3O7*C12H24NiS6
    (Ni(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexathia-cyclooctadecane))(picrate)2
    —— [3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanone 1417707-63-1 C19H20N2O5
    [3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanone
    —— tBu-delta-PLH-2-OH-4-OMe*TFA 714273-23-1 C2HF3O2*C20H22N4O4
    tBu-delta-PLH-2-OH-4-OMe*TFA
    —— 2,11-Dihydroxy-3,10-perylenchinon 17873-40-4 C20H10O4
    2,11-Dihydroxy-3,10-perylenchinon
    —— 4-(6-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-9-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-12-7 C15H20O3
    4-(6-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-9-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— Orcilaldehyde-4-(p-tolyl)thiosemicarbazone 21236-08-8 C16H17N3O2S
    Orcilaldehyde-4-(p-tolyl)thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-nitro-phenol 40189-11-5 C21H17N3O3
    2-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-(((4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 89405-36-7 C17H13ClN2O2S
    4-(((4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-chloro-pyridine; picrate 3310-56-3 C5H4ClN*C6H3N3O7
    3-chloro-pyridine; picrate
    —— 4-Methylpyridine pentachlorophenolate 72092-73-0 C6HCl5O*C6H7N
    4-Methylpyridine pentachlorophenolate
    —— 4-Ethylselanyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 65326-02-5 C10H14OSe
    4-Ethylselanyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— [Mn(1,2-bis(salicylidenimine)cyclohexane)]ClO4 1058726-62-7 C20H20MnN2O2*ClO4
    [Mn(1,2-bis(salicylidenimine)cyclohexane)]ClO4
    —— (Z)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate 111260-17-4 C16H17NO5S
    (Z)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate
    —— 5-Chlor-2-n-hexyl-phenol 53647-17-9 C12H17ClO
    5-Chlor-2-n-hexyl-phenol
    —— picric acid ; <i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-hydrazine monopicrate 18076-06-7 C2H8N2*C6H3N3O7
    picric acid ; <i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-hydrazine monopicrate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 849799-64-0 C13H11NO3
    2-Hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2-hexyl-phloroglucinol 96756-19-3 C12H18O3
    2-hexyl-phloroglucinol
    —— 2-{(E)-[(2E)-(phenylmethylidene)hydrazono]methyl}phenol 41097-41-0 C14H12N2O
    2-{(E)-[(2E)-(phenylmethylidene)hydrazono]methyl}phenol
    —— N-<3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl>-N'-<2-(2-pyridylmethylthio)ethyl>guanidine tripricrate 115414-20-5 3C6H3N3O7*C15H22N6S
    N-<3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl>-N'-<2-(2-pyridylmethylthio)ethyl>guanidine tripricrate
    —— 4,6-bis-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-resorcinol 854662-92-3 C10H8Cl6O4
    4,6-bis-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-resorcinol
    —— 1565828-83-2 C14H21NO4
    —— 4,6-bis[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1167420-43-0 C14H20N2O4
    4,6-bis[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-isohexyl-phenol 5055-49-2 C13H20O
    2-Methyl-4-isohexyl-phenol
    —— 1065581-00-1 C17H19NO4
    —— 3,6-diamino-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetraol, dihydrochloride 643-00-5 C6H8N2O4*2ClH
    3,6-diamino-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetraol, dihydrochloride
    —— bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)dodecylamine 1174291-72-5 C32H49N3O2
    bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)dodecylamine
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenol 851661-27-3 C17H10Br2ClN7O2
    2,4-dibromo-6-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenol
    —— 4,6-bis((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione 1196995-43-3 C22H20N2O4S
    4,6-bis((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione
    —— (+)-trans-(R,R)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]methylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1344119-20-5 C15H21NO3
    (+)-trans-(R,R)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]methylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— Apocynin-phenylhydrazon 58697-69-1 C15H16N2O2
    Apocynin-phenylhydrazon
    —— 5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine-2-amine:(2,4,6-trinitrophenol) 1243601-56-0 C6H3N3O7*C10H11N3
    5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine-2-amine:(2,4,6-trinitrophenol)
    —— 3-methyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene-isoxazole-5(4H)-one 99972-75-5 C11H9NO4
    3-methyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene-isoxazole-5(4H)-one
    —— Kaliumisopurpurat 34133-38-5 C8H2N5O6*K
    Kaliumisopurpurat
    —— 2-[5-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)furan-2-yl]phenol 1276045-86-3 C13H12O4
    2-[5-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)furan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (+/-)-pseudoheliotridane; picrate 15861-67-3 C6H3N3O7*C8H15N
    (+/-)-pseudoheliotridane; picrate
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-one 30162-31-3 C14H20N2O2
    4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2,4-Bis-(diethylamino)-6-(2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin-5-ylamino)-sym-triazin 31482-13-0 C15H26N10O
    2,4-Bis-(diethylamino)-6-(2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin-5-ylamino)-sym-triazin
    —— 3-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzonitrile 1337458-58-8 C13H14N2O2
    3-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzonitrile
    —— Orcilaldehyde 4-(o-ethoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazone 21236-11-3 C17H19N3O3S
    Orcilaldehyde 4-(o-ethoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 5-<5-Hydroxy-o-tolyl>-pentanol-(2) 91764-61-3 C12H18O2
    5-<5-Hydroxy-o-tolyl>-pentanol-(2)
    —— 5-[1-Furan-2-yl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(E)-4-hydroxy-phenylimino]-thiazolidin-4-one 25745-28-2 C20H14N2O4S
    5-[1-Furan-2-yl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(E)-4-hydroxy-phenylimino]-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-bromo-5-(1,1-difluoro-methoxy)-4-fluoro-phenol 1185836-66-1 C7H4BrF3O2
    2-bromo-5-(1,1-difluoro-methoxy)-4-fluoro-phenol
    —— 2,4,6-trinitro-3,5-bis<(phenylsulfonyl)methyl>phenol 92241-38-8 C20H15N3O11S2
    2,4,6-trinitro-3,5-bis<(phenylsulfonyl)methyl>phenol