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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,5-dibromo-4-chloro-2-iodo-6-methyl-phenol 859821-60-6 C7H4Br2ClIO
    3,5-dibromo-4-chloro-2-iodo-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-(2-(2-(2-Methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy-4,5-dinitrophenol 251908-16-4 C13H18N2O9
    2-(2-(2-(2-Methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy-4,5-dinitrophenol
    —— 2-Nitro-4-isopropylsulfonyl-phenol 58880-52-7 C9H11NO5S
    2-Nitro-4-isopropylsulfonyl-phenol
    —— 142503-74-0 C16H14ClN5OS
    —— 3-(2-cyclohexylamino-6,6-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-4lambda6-[1,4,3]-oxathiazin-5-yl)phenol 1397712-45-6 C17H24N2O4S
    3-(2-cyclohexylamino-6,6-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-4lambda6-[1,4,3]-oxathiazin-5-yl)phenol
    —— 2,4-Difurfuryl-6-methyl-phenol 111529-49-8 C17H16O3
    2,4-Difurfuryl-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-[3'-methoxy-4'-(tri-isopropylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol 1044264-50-7 C18H32O3Si
    2-[3'-methoxy-4'-(tri-isopropylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— 4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methylphenol 1261934-61-5 C13H14OS
    4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2,2′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzylazanediyl)diethanol 1198601-74-9 C13H21NO4
    2,2′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzylazanediyl)diethanol
    —— 2-[(3-Butenoxyimino)methyl]-4-fluorophenol 103743-21-1 C11H12FNO2
    2-[(3-Butenoxyimino)methyl]-4-fluorophenol
    —— Ketone, 2-hydroxy-5-nonylphenyl pentyl, oxime 59493-97-9 C21H35NO2
    Ketone, 2-hydroxy-5-nonylphenyl pentyl, oxime
    —— 130147-59-0 C30H35N3O4
    —— N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide 341530-82-3 C17H15N3O6
    N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide
    —— ethyl [(2-ethoxy-5-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate 672931-33-8 C13H18O4S
    ethyl [(2-ethoxy-5-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate
    —— 2-(2-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-phenol 61039-21-2 C13H18O
    2-(2-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-phenol
    —— 4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-n-hexylphenol 53346-80-8 C14H21ClO
    4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-n-hexylphenol
    —— 4-Bromo-6-[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 878551-12-3 C8H6BrN5O
    4-Bromo-6-[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-Allyl-3-methyl-4,6-dichlor-phenol 52259-74-2 C10H10Cl2O
    2-Allyl-3-methyl-4,6-dichlor-phenol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyldecyl)-phenol 17473-42-6 C19H30N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyldecyl)-phenol
    —— 2-[(1-allyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-methyl]-4-methyl-phenol 1025366-62-4 C18H23N7O
    2-[(1-allyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-methyl]-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-Nitro-2-(1-methylbut-2-enyl)-phenol 27125-85-5 C11H13NO3
    4-Nitro-2-(1-methylbut-2-enyl)-phenol
    —— 2-nitro-4-heptylphenol 81259-72-5 C13H19NO3
    2-nitro-4-heptylphenol
    —— 4-((1S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1595280-36-6 C14H18O3
    4-((1S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (5S)-5,9-dimethyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)dec-8-en-1-yn-3-yl (2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) carbonate 1357013-11-6 C25H38O6Si
    (5S)-5,9-dimethyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)dec-8-en-1-yn-3-yl (2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) carbonate
    —— 1310456-66-6 C6H5Cl*C66H84O6
    —— ethyl 3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)propanoate 20921-13-5 C12H16O3
    ethyl 3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)propanoate
    —— N-hexyl-3-methyl-5-(methylamino)imidazole-4-carboxamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 117835-28-6 C6H3N3O7*C12H22N4O
    N-hexyl-3-methyl-5-(methylamino)imidazole-4-carboxamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 60389-99-3 C32H40O8
    —— 2-(3-Methoxypropyliminomethyl)phenol 473717-39-4 C11H15NO2
    2-(3-Methoxypropyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 3,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine 857984-21-5 C16H14N2O2
    3,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine
    —— 1018466-50-6 C15H17N3O
    —— trans-[Pd(C(O)C6H4OH-2)I(tert-butylisonitrile)2] 352027-48-6 C17H23IN2O2Pd
    trans-[Pd(C(O)C6H4OH-2)I(tert-butylisonitrile)2]
    —— 2,4-di(tert-butyl-d9)-3,6-d2-5-nitrophenol 1413431-27-2 C14H21NO3
    2,4-di(tert-butyl-d9)-3,6-d2-5-nitrophenol
    —— 1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine 74950-24-6 C20H22N2O4
    1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine
    —— 6-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethylamine>-pyridazin-3(2H)-one 140628-43-9 C12H13N3O3
    6-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethylamine>-pyridazin-3(2H)-one
    —— (S)-(+)-(1-cyclohexylethyl)salicylaldimine 827306-43-4 C15H21NO
    (S)-(+)-(1-cyclohexylethyl)salicylaldimine
    —— (S)-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-[(2E,4E,6E,8E)-1-hydroxydeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenylidene]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 1257082-81-7 C21H21NO4
    (S)-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-[(2E,4E,6E,8E)-1-hydroxydeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenylidene]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Methyl-6-octadecylresorcinol 21093-28-7 C25H44O2
    4-Methyl-6-octadecylresorcinol
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-4-bromo-1-bora-2-oxaindan monohydrate 928048-18-4 C7H6BBrO3*H2O
    1,3-dihydroxy-4-bromo-1-bora-2-oxaindan monohydrate
    —— (E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-2(3H)-furanone 927819-55-4 C21H20O8
    (E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(5-tert-Butyl-4,4-dimethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-1-yl)-2-isoxazol-3-yl-phenol 502423-49-6 C19H23NO5
    5-(5-tert-Butyl-4,4-dimethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-1-yl)-2-isoxazol-3-yl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-bromo-5-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropoxypropionic acid ethyl ester 334016-57-8 C20H30BrNO6
    3-(3-bromo-5-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropoxypropionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-[(2-Aminopyridin-3-yl)iminomethyl]-4-(2-thiophen-2-ylethynyl)phenol 1043886-68-5 C18H13N3OS
    2-[(2-Aminopyridin-3-yl)iminomethyl]-4-(2-thiophen-2-ylethynyl)phenol
    —— (R)-ethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-(thiophen-2-yl)butanoate 1416565-88-2 C18H20O6S
    (R)-ethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-(thiophen-2-yl)butanoate
    —— 5-hydroxy-4-hydroxyamino-2,6-dinitro-isophthalonitrile 34133-39-6 C8H3N5O6
    5-hydroxy-4-hydroxyamino-2,6-dinitro-isophthalonitrile
    —— N-[3-(3,5-dimethylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenethanamide 478401-22-8 C23H29NO3
    N-[3-(3,5-dimethylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenethanamide
    —— 5-Isopentylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 2932-00-5 C14H20O3S
    5-Isopentylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-propylheptyl)-phenol 17508-86-0 C16H24N2O5
    4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-propylheptyl)-phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-6-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile 1350465-15-4 C15H18N2O5
    3-Hydroxy-6-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
    —— o-Hydroxybenzyliden-benzimidino-benzamidin 10573-40-7 C21H17N3O
    o-Hydroxybenzyliden-benzimidino-benzamidin