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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1629244-34-3 C7H6FNOS
    —— sodium 3-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-57-1 C21H33O9S*Na
    sodium 3-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— 2,6-bis-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-6H-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3,5-dione 57518-47-5 C19H12N2O4S
    2,6-bis-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-6H-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3,5-dione
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium; chloride 83329-91-3 C11H15OS*Cl
    1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium; chloride
    —— 1-Nitro-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)aethan-1-14C 34541-69-0 C8H9NO3
    1-Nitro-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)aethan-1-14C
    —— Picric acid; compound with 1,2,6-trimethyl-4-vinyl-piperidine 32941-01-8 C6H3N3O7*C10H19N
    Picric acid; compound with 1,2,6-trimethyl-4-vinyl-piperidine
    —— Vanillylcarbamoyl-pentansaeure (I) 82564-14-5 C14H19NO5
    Vanillylcarbamoyl-pentansaeure (I)
    —— 1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanol 102737-85-9 C16H26O3
    1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanol
    —— 2-[1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(pyridin-3-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-25-5 C18H12BrN3O3S
    2-[1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(pyridin-3-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-isopropoxyphenethyl)-2-(2-bromo-6-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 94283-89-3 C20H24BrNO4
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-isopropoxyphenethyl)-2-(2-bromo-6-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 4-(3,4-Dicyano-2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester 179617-83-5 C16H16N2O4
    4-(3,4-Dicyano-2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-[5-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylamino]-1-thia-4-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one 473725-82-5 C16H18N4O3S
    4-[5-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylamino]-1-thia-4-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one
    —— (6Z)-6-{[(2-Ethoxyethyl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--cobalt (2/1) 18461-30-8 C22H30CoN2O4
    (6Z)-6-{[(2-Ethoxyethyl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--cobalt (2/1)
    —— 1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-benzosuberan 408309-77-3 C12H16O2
    1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-benzosuberan
    —— 2-deutero-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane 1330147-04-0 C10H12OS2
    2-deutero-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane
    —— 2'-Hydroxy-5'-chlorbenzaldehyd-5-chlor-2-methylanil 34801-01-9 C14H11Cl2NO
    2'-Hydroxy-5'-chlorbenzaldehyd-5-chlor-2-methylanil
    —— [11-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-undecyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 141920-37-8 C22H37NO3
    [11-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-undecyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-(R)-α-methylbenzyl amine 857062-70-5 C15H16N2O3
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-(R)-α-methylbenzyl amine
    —— 2,2'-(((disulfanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3,5-dimethoxyphenol) 139954-12-4 C30H28N2O6S2
    2,2'-(((disulfanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3,5-dimethoxyphenol)
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(pentylthio)phenyl)-3-methylbutylamine 129681-06-7 C17H29NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(pentylthio)phenyl)-3-methylbutylamine
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-4-methoxyphenol 159108-82-4 C12H16O3
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrol 121789-69-3 C11H9Br2NO
    2-(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrol
    —— diisobutyl (((2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)amino)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)phosphonate 1225188-59-9 C19H27N4O8P
    diisobutyl (((2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)amino)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)phosphonate
    —— 5,17-di-tert-butyl-11,23-dichloro-4,6,16,18-tetramethyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene 137718-35-5 C40H46Cl2O4
    5,17-di-tert-butyl-11,23-dichloro-4,6,16,18-tetramethyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(methylazanediyl)-tris(methylene)tris(2,6-dimethylphenol) 1307264-19-2 C33H42N6O3
    4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(methylazanediyl)-tris(methylene)tris(2,6-dimethylphenol)
    —— 3-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)phenol 1889886-89-8 C9H8F2O
    3-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 4-(3-ethylamino-butyl)-phenol 83987-79-5 C12H19NO
    4-(3-ethylamino-butyl)-phenol
    —— 65069-90-1 C11H15N3O*HI
    —— N-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide 1612841-41-4 C14H18ClNO2
    N-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide
    —— 4-(5-piperidin-1-yl-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol 33834-03-6 C16H17NO
    4-(5-piperidin-1-yl-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol
    —— N,N'-Bis-(3-ethyl-6-chlorsalicyliden)-ethylendiamin 28448-97-7 C20H22Cl2N2O2
    N,N'-Bis-(3-ethyl-6-chlorsalicyliden)-ethylendiamin
    —— 4-(2-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione 1398241-95-6 C14H12O5
    4-(2-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione
    —— (2,3-Dihydroxy-5-trityl-phenyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester 43207-92-7 C27H25O5P
    (2,3-Dihydroxy-5-trityl-phenyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 2,3-Dibrom-4,6-dinitro-phenol 89365-46-8 C6H2Br2N2O5
    2,3-Dibrom-4,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide 1257321-37-1 C18H20N2O7
    N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide
    —— isobutyl hydrogen ((2-hydroxyphenyl)(propylamino)methyl)phosphonate 1370047-20-3 C14H24NO4P
    isobutyl hydrogen ((2-hydroxyphenyl)(propylamino)methyl)phosphonate
    —— <2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-<3-(4-nitro-phenyl)-propyl>-ether 21766-86-9 C15H15NO5
    <2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-<3-(4-nitro-phenyl)-propyl>-ether
    —— 4-adamantylidene-2-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-oxazoline 190193-32-9 C21H25NO2
    4-adamantylidene-2-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-oxazoline
    —— 5-hydroxy-6-nitro-toluene-2,4-disulfonyl chloride 858853-65-3 C7H5Cl2NO7S2
    5-hydroxy-6-nitro-toluene-2,4-disulfonyl chloride
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenylmethyl]-2-cyclopentenone 1039078-54-0 C18H23BO4
    3-hydroxy-2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenylmethyl]-2-cyclopentenone
    —— ethyl-4-{2-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-3-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-(5E)-hexenyloxy]phenoxy}butanoate 197708-09-1 C19H29NO4
    ethyl-4-{2-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-3-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-(5E)-hexenyloxy]phenoxy}butanoate
    —— 5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylisoxazole 155374-29-1 C15H11NO3
    5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylisoxazole
    —— N-adamantan-1-yl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)methacrylamide 1612841-32-3 C21H27NO2
    N-adamantan-1-yl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)methacrylamide
    —— 6,8-di-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-5-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-7-O-methylsulfonyl-3-O-methylthiomethyl-β-L-erythro-D-allooctofuranose-(1,4) 109748-32-5 C34H41N3O13S2
    6,8-di-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-5-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-7-O-methylsulfonyl-3-O-methylthiomethyl-β-L-erythro-D-allooctofuranose-(1,4)
    —— 2-<<<2-hydroxy-1,1-di(hydroxymethyl)ethyl>imino>methyl>phenol 318480-54-5 C11H15NO4
    2-<<<2-hydroxy-1,1-di(hydroxymethyl)ethyl>imino>methyl>phenol
    —— prelunularic acid methyl ester 85926-22-3 C16H18O5
    prelunularic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-(2-cyclohexenyl)-benzol 72516-71-3 C13H16O2
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-(2-cyclohexenyl)-benzol
    —— 2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(pyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-16-4 C18H12ClN3O3S
    2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(pyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— 2-((2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 153469-62-6 C12H12N4O3
    2-((2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4-methylbenzamide 121018-49-3 C11H12N2O6
    N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4-methylbenzamide