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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitro-phenylazo)-acetoacetanilid 94674-38-1 C17H16N4O5
    (2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitro-phenylazo)-acetoacetanilid
    —— 6-bromo-2,4-dichloro-3-nitro-phenol 116995-30-3 C6H2BrCl2NO3
    6-bromo-2,4-dichloro-3-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-{(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-[1-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol 1025366-57-7 C18H25N7O2
    2-{(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-[1-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-bromosalicylaldehyde S-allyl isothiosemicarbazone hydrobromide 1426254-90-1 BrH*C11H12BrN3OS
    5-bromosalicylaldehyde S-allyl isothiosemicarbazone hydrobromide
    —— 5-amino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid [2-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-amide 1224942-98-6 C16H11F2N7O
    5-amino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid [2-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-amide
    —— 4,5-Dimethoxy-2-(2-propyl)phenol 139585-02-7 C11H16O3
    4,5-Dimethoxy-2-(2-propyl)phenol
    —— N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) 1192802-14-4 C20H24N6O4S2
    N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide)
    —— (R)-diphenyl 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethylphosphonate 1211565-16-0 C21H20NO7P
    (R)-diphenyl 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethylphosphonate
    —— 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-4-methoxy-phenol 39799-58-1 C12H14N4O4
    2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 6-(2-tert-Butylhydrazinylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 832076-99-0 C10H14N2O
    6-(2-tert-Butylhydrazinylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41-Heptatert-butyl-2,8,14,20,26,32,38-heptathiaoctacyclo[37.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37]nonatetraconta-1(42),3,5,7(49),9,11,13(48),15,17,19(47),21,23,25(46),27(45),28,30,33(44),34,36,39(43),40-henicosaene-43,44,45,46,47,48,49-heptol 205992-36-5 C70H84O7S7
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41-Heptatert-butyl-2,8,14,20,26,32,38-heptathiaoctacyclo[37.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37]nonatetraconta-1(42),3,5,7(49),9,11,13(48),15,17,19(47),21,23,25(46),27(45),28,30,33(44),34,36,39(43),40-henicosaene-43,44,45,46,47,48,49-heptol
    —— Acetic acid (S)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-heptyl ester 603095-33-6 C17H25BrO5
    Acetic acid (S)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-heptyl ester
    —— 4-[6-[[(1S)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)butyl]amino]pyrazin-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 708253-16-1 C21H22FN3O2
    4-[6-[[(1S)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)butyl]amino]pyrazin-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— tert-butyl (4S)-4-[(R)-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-hydroxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 116079-44-8 C32H55NO6
    tert-butyl (4S)-4-[(R)-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-hydroxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-(1-Propyldecyl)-phenol 17508-68-8 C19H32O
    4-(1-Propyldecyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride 129295-70-1 C8H10N2O3*ClH
    2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride
    —— 4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylidene)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 792936-58-4 C17H21FN2O5
    4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylidene)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4-<(3-<Methylthio>propyl)thio>-3,5-xylolol 37708-36-4 C12H18OS2
    4-<(3-<Methylthio>propyl)thio>-3,5-xylolol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-pentylimin 22709-97-3 C12H17NO
    4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-pentylimin
    —— 2-[1-(allylmethylamino)propyl]-3-methoxyphenol 1352515-32-2 C14H21NO2
    2-[1-(allylmethylamino)propyl]-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-3-undecylphenol 351432-63-8 C17H27BrO
    4-bromo-3-undecylphenol
    —— 3,4,5-tribromo-2-methyl-phenol 861620-06-6 C7H5Br3O
    3,4,5-tribromo-2-methyl-phenol
    —— N-methyl-4-hydroxybenzamidine 99463-01-1 C8H10N2O
    N-methyl-4-hydroxybenzamidine
    —— tri-OH-depleted-p-tert-butylcalix<4>arene 132273-45-1 C44H56O
    tri-OH-depleted-p-tert-butylcalix<4>arene
    —— bis[di(butylaminoacetamidoethoxy)dihydroxy-tert-butylcalix[4]arene]dicopper dithiocarbamate complex 706780-71-4 C124H172Cu2N8O12S8
    bis[di(butylaminoacetamidoethoxy)dihydroxy-tert-butylcalix[4]arene]dicopper dithiocarbamate complex
    —— methyl 2-[[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)(methyl)methyleneamino]propylamino]cyclopent-1-ene-1-dithiocarboxylate 205928-06-9 C19H26N2O2S2
    methyl 2-[[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)(methyl)methyleneamino]propylamino]cyclopent-1-ene-1-dithiocarboxylate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-methylbenziliden)-1,2-diaminobenzene 1395348-70-5 C14H14N2O
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-methylbenziliden)-1,2-diaminobenzene
    —— 3-(α-Cyclopropyl-meta-aminobenzyl)-6-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one 174485-14-4 C20H25NO4
    3-(α-Cyclopropyl-meta-aminobenzyl)-6-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one
    —— ethyl (4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 672931-27-0 C10H11FO3
    ethyl (4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2,5-Bis(2-pyridin-2-ylethyliminomethyl)benzene-1,4-diol 916599-01-4 C22H22N4O2
    2,5-Bis(2-pyridin-2-ylethyliminomethyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (1R,10S,13R)-13-aminotricyclo[8.2.1.03,8]trideca-3(8),4,6-trien-5-ol 82838-31-1 C13H17NO
    (1R,10S,13R)-13-aminotricyclo[8.2.1.03,8]trideca-3(8),4,6-trien-5-ol
    —— 81048-73-9 C13H11I4N3O2Sn
    —— 2-bromohexachloro-5-hydroxystyrene 78647-78-6 C8HBrCl6O
    2-bromohexachloro-5-hydroxystyrene
    —— 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid [1-phenyl-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 5198-36-7 C15H12ClN3O4
    5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid [1-phenyl-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 5-Butylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 2931-72-8 C13H18O3S
    5-Butylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 4-{[(Z)-2,2-Diethoxy-ethylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 861339-71-1 C14H21NO4
    4-{[(Z)-2,2-Diethoxy-ethylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— Benzeneacetonitrile, 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-I+/--methyl- 1823431-33-9 C10H10ClNO2
    Benzeneacetonitrile, 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-I+/--methyl-
    —— (1S,2R)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate 1435280-75-3 C12H14O3
    (1S,2R)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— N-benzyl-(3-nitro-6-hydroxy-phenyl) methanesulfonamide 103708-19-6 C14H14N2O5S
    N-benzyl-(3-nitro-6-hydroxy-phenyl) methanesulfonamide
    —— 2-Brom-5,6-dichlor-vanillin, 2-Brom-5,6-dichlor-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 89892-18-2 C8H5BrCl2O3
    2-Brom-5,6-dichlor-vanillin, 2-Brom-5,6-dichlor-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— (E)-5'-hydroxy-2'-iodo-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime 1072708-45-2 C16H15IN2O5
    (E)-5'-hydroxy-2'-iodo-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime
    —— β-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylcyclohexane 37022-06-3 C15H22O2
    β-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylcyclohexane
    —— 1426400-35-2 C24H22CuN4O6
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-ω-<4-(4brom-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazono>-toluol 70161-63-6 C15H14BrN3O2S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-ω-<4-(4brom-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazono>-toluol
    —— 3-<3-Hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclopropan-1,2-trans-dicarbonsaeure 22688-33-1 C11H10O5
    3-<3-Hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclopropan-1,2-trans-dicarbonsaeure
    —— 5-hexyloxy-2-[4-hydroxyphenyl]pyrimidine 105744-11-4 C16H20N2O2
    5-hexyloxy-2-[4-hydroxyphenyl]pyrimidine
    —— 6-[({2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 158984-00-0 C13H20N2O3
    6-[({2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1552272-06-6 C15H22N2O5
    —— 2-[(2-imidazol-4-yl)ethyliminomethyl]-5-methylphenol 1429650-25-8 C13H15N3O
    2-[(2-imidazol-4-yl)ethyliminomethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(E)-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol 321725-51-3 C8H7N7O3
    2-[(E)-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol