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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Chlor-2-hydroxybenzaldehyd-<5-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-oxo-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazolin-2-yl-hydrazon> 133296-85-2 C16H11Cl2N3O2S
    4-Chlor-2-hydroxybenzaldehyd-<5-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-oxo-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazolin-2-yl-hydrazon>
    —— N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide 1334920-17-0 C15H12N4O3S
    N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide
    —— 1.4-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)butane 10365-16-9 C16H18O4
    1.4-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)butane
    —— 1-Methoxy-2-<2-methoxy-phenoxy>-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-aethan 1094-79-7 C17H20O5
    1-Methoxy-2-<2-methoxy-phenoxy>-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-aethan
    —— bis-(salicylideneimino)dibenzo-18-crown-6 60947-73-1 C34H34N2O8
    bis-(salicylideneimino)dibenzo-18-crown-6
    —— 2,2,2-Trichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acetamide 18297-92-2 C8H5Cl3N2O4
    2,2,2-Trichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-bromopropane 225106-61-6 C11H15BrO3
    1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-bromopropane
    —— 3,3'-Dichlor-5,5'-dijodsalicyl 29912-33-2 C14H6Cl2I2O4
    3,3'-Dichlor-5,5'-dijodsalicyl
    —— 2-(9-Chloro-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-dodecafluoro-nonyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 272125-09-4 C16H13ClF12O2
    2-(9-Chloro-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-dodecafluoro-nonyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— methyl 3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate 1452925-53-9 C12H14BrClO3
    methyl 3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate
    —— 4-<Tropyl-7>-6-aethyl-resorcin 16235-36-2 C15H16O2
    4-<Tropyl-7>-6-aethyl-resorcin
    —— 4-(5-Diethylamino-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol 33833-95-3 C15H17NO
    4-(5-Diethylamino-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol
    —— 1,2-Bis-(5-brom-2-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-propan 98595-49-4 C17H16Br2N2O2
    1,2-Bis-(5-brom-2-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-propan
    —— [Co(salicylidene-N-cyanoacetohydrazone)2(OAc)2] 1093186-19-6 C24H24CoN6O8
    [Co(salicylidene-N-cyanoacetohydrazone)2(OAc)2]
    —— N'-[1-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-eth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazinecarbodithioic acid 4-chloro-benzyl ester 26158-56-5 C16H15ClN2O2S2
    N'-[1-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-eth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazinecarbodithioic acid 4-chloro-benzyl ester
    —— Trideuteromethyl-5-deuteroguaiacylketon 51601-58-2 C9H10O3
    Trideuteromethyl-5-deuteroguaiacylketon
    —— (α'R,2S)-2-(3'-hydroxy-2'-methoxy-α'-methylbenzyloxy)propanal 301337-04-2 C12H16O4
    (α'R,2S)-2-(3'-hydroxy-2'-methoxy-α'-methylbenzyloxy)propanal
    —— 2-[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]-4,6-dinitrophenol 97495-78-8 C16H12N6O10
    2-[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-tetraphenylmethan 10282-44-7 C26H22O2
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-tetraphenylmethan
    —— 1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxy-pyridin-3-yl-methyl)-phenyl]-ethanone oxime 35590-30-8 C14H14N2O4
    1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxy-pyridin-3-yl-methyl)-phenyl]-ethanone oxime
    —— 2-fluoro-4-(methylthiomethyl)phenol 1447123-20-7 C8H9FOS
    2-fluoro-4-(methylthiomethyl)phenol
    —— trans-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine picrate 86822-59-5 C6H3N3O7*C11H21N
    trans-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine picrate
    —— 2-(4,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol 75182-54-6 C11H13NO4
    2-(4,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide 1250377-79-7 C22H18FN3O4
    2-(1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide
    —— N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide 1143582-85-7 C15H18N4O3
    N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide
    —— cis-4-t-butylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193987-96-0 C25H38N2O5
    cis-4-t-butylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-methyl-butyric acid methyl ester 70017-03-7 C15H22O4
    3-Hydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-methyl-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]propanamide 1609176-85-3 C17H18FNO3
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]propanamide
    —— 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene-hexamethylenetetramine 59481-35-5 C6H6O3*C6H12N4
    1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene-hexamethylenetetramine
    —— 9-hydroxy-2,7,12,17-tetrapropylporphycenatopalladium (II) 1384457-61-7 C32H36N4OPd
    9-hydroxy-2,7,12,17-tetrapropylporphycenatopalladium (II)
    —— bis(β,β,β-trichloro-α-hydroxyethyl)(o-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine 133859-81-1 C10H9Cl6O3P
    bis(β,β,β-trichloro-α-hydroxyethyl)(o-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine
    —— 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-9(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene 1393330-29-4 C23H25BrO4
    3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-9(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene
    —— 1443525-03-8 C14H20BrN3OS
    —— 2-ethylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol; hydrochloride 24520-57-8 C10H15NO2*ClH
    2-ethylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol; hydrochloride
    —— 4,5-dichloro-3-hydroxy-6-(2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yloxy)phthalonitrile 1449251-54-0 C12H8Cl2N2O3
    4,5-dichloro-3-hydroxy-6-(2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yloxy)phthalonitrile
    —— S-2'-mercaptoethyl 2-hydroxy-5-nitrothiobenzoate 139613-15-3 C9H9NO4S2
    S-2'-mercaptoethyl 2-hydroxy-5-nitrothiobenzoate
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 117266-61-2 C9H9BrClNO4
    4-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-[2-[6-[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethylsulfanyl]pyridazin-3-yl]sulfanylethyliminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol 1207671-16-6 C24H26N4O4S2
    2-[2-[6-[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethylsulfanyl]pyridazin-3-yl]sulfanylethyliminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— N'1,N'3-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylidene)isophthalohydrazide 1622386-36-0 C22H18N4O8
    N'1,N'3-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylidene)isophthalohydrazide
    —— 4-(1,7-diamino-4-(3-aminopropyl)heptan-4-yl)phenol 1020533-65-6 C16H29N3O
    4-(1,7-diamino-4-(3-aminopropyl)heptan-4-yl)phenol
    —— N,N’-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane 259748-15-7 C19H20Br2N2O2
    N,N’-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane
    —— 2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile 1449490-19-0 C19H20N2O4
    2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2,6-bis((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol 353446-73-8 C33H34N6O2
    2,6-bis((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(2-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone 1155202-87-1 C16H16O2
    3-(2-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone
    —— 1-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-propoxyethyl)benzene 1327337-39-2 C19H24O3
    1-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-propoxyethyl)benzene
    —— N-benzyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-methylbutanamide 1229040-84-9 C18H21NO3
    N-benzyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-methylbutanamide
    —— 5-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1024608-25-0 C19H21N3O3
    5-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one
    —— 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyliden-m-hydroxyanilin 23837-31-2 C14H13NO3
    3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyliden-m-hydroxyanilin
    —— 2-<(1-methylthio)cyclopropyl>phenol 59891-46-2 C10H12OS
    2-<(1-methylthio)cyclopropyl>phenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 35095-54-6 C14H12O3S
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one