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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— {Li((Et)2O)2P(Cy)B(C6H2(CH3)3)2} 112039-97-1 C32H53BLiO2P
    {Li((Et)2O)2P(Cy)B(C6H2(CH3)3)2}
    —— N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-iodobenzohydrazide 302908-86-7 C14H10BrIN2O2
    N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-iodobenzohydrazide
    —— N'-(1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-5-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide 303104-15-6 C18H18N4O3S
    N'-(1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-5-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide
    —— 2-diazo-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone 113194-61-9 C13H16N2O2
    2-diazo-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxythiobenzimidsaeuremethylesterhydrochlorid 83306-80-3 C8H9NO2S*ClH
    2,4-Dihydroxythiobenzimidsaeuremethylesterhydrochlorid
    —— 1-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-3-methoxymethyl-urea 56443-48-2 C13H21N3O4
    1-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-3-methoxymethyl-urea
    —— 4-isopropylphenyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-35-0 C24H30N2O5
    4-isopropylphenyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile 1236124-80-3 C12H13NO3
    3-Hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile
    —— N-phenyl-2-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 681000-96-4 C14H13N3O3S
    N-phenyl-2-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-p-toluyl-2-oxazolin-5-one 135520-96-6 C18H15NO4
    4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-p-toluyl-2-oxazolin-5-one
    —— (4-nitrophenyl) N-propan-2-ylidene-N'-(propan-2-ylideneamino)carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 79163-10-3 C6H3N3O7*C13H16N4O2S
    (4-nitrophenyl) N-propan-2-ylidene-N'-(propan-2-ylideneamino)carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 1-Anilino-3-[(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]urea 1415358-88-1 C14H13N3O4
    1-Anilino-3-[(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]urea
    —— Ni(II){4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+) 102678-60-4 C22H18N6NiO4
    Ni(II){4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+)
    —— Benzenepropanal, 2-hydroxy-b-(methoxyimino)-, O-methyloxime 89814-15-3 C11H14N2O3
    Benzenepropanal, 2-hydroxy-b-(methoxyimino)-, O-methyloxime
    —— 2-(2-Chlorophenoxy)-N'-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide 477733-22-5 C15H13ClN2O4
    2-(2-Chlorophenoxy)-N'-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-(N-bromo-4-methoxyanilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile 84359-04-6 C16H15BrN2O3
    2-(N-bromo-4-methoxyanilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— Na6{tris(catecholato)gadolinium(III)}2 * 20 H2O 95531-52-5 C36H24Gd2O12*20H2O*6Na
    Na6{tris(catecholato)gadolinium(III)}2 * 20 H2O
    —— N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carboxamide 664323-79-9 C18H18N2O5S
    N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carboxamide
    —— 2-amino-4-fluorophenol hydrochloride 87855-73-0 C6H6FNO*ClH
    2-amino-4-fluorophenol hydrochloride
    —— 3-fluoro-5-(difluoromethyl)phenol 1214333-96-6 C7H5F3O
    3-fluoro-5-(difluoromethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(5-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)butanal 1448775-26-5 C10H11FO2
    4-(5-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)butanal
    —— 861785-06-0 C6H6NO6Sb
    —— 3,6-di-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenol 15910-86-8 C15H24O2
    3,6-di-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— <3-<sup>3</sup>H>-4-Brom-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 92475-08-6 C8H9BrO
    <3-<sup>3</sup>H>-4-Brom-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 5-[1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methyl-hexylamino)-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 100772-86-9 C15H25NO3
    5-[1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methyl-hexylamino)-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5,6-Dichlor-2-amino-vanillin 89938-77-2 C8H7Cl2NO3
    5,6-Dichlor-2-amino-vanillin
    —— benzyl 4-(3-(4-bromo-N-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)prop-1-ynyl)benzylcarbamate 1338811-41-8 C32H30BrN3O5
    benzyl 4-(3-(4-bromo-N-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)prop-1-ynyl)benzylcarbamate
    —— 2-(2-Chlorophenoxy)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide 409347-46-2 C16H15ClN2O4
    2-(2-Chlorophenoxy)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-<2-Hydroxy-3.5-dinitro-phenyl>-3-methyl-butan 88564-94-7 C11H14N2O5
    2-<2-Hydroxy-3.5-dinitro-phenyl>-3-methyl-butan
    —— 2,5-dinitro-3,6-dioctylbenzene-1,4-diol 77798-68-6 C22H36N2O6
    2,5-dinitro-3,6-dioctylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4,4'-[2,2']bithiazolyl-4,4'-diyl-di-pyrocatechol 71541-42-9 C18H12N2O4S2
    4,4'-[2,2']bithiazolyl-4,4'-diyl-di-pyrocatechol
    —— 6-benzyl-5<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>b</i>]pyridazin-8-one 18724-99-7 C12H10N4O
    6-benzyl-5<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>b</i>]pyridazin-8-one
    —— 10-Hydroxy-3-oxo-1,2,3,4,4aβ,9,9aα,10-octahydro-anthracen 3123-30-6 C14H16O2
    10-Hydroxy-3-oxo-1,2,3,4,4aβ,9,9aα,10-octahydro-anthracen
    —— 3-Methyl-2-oxo-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin 132856-95-2 C13H18N2O2
    3-Methyl-2-oxo-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— N-[5S-amino-6-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hexyl] ethanimidamide 304891-74-5 C14H23N3O2
    N-[5S-amino-6-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hexyl] ethanimidamide
    —— (4-nitrophenyl) N'-(propan-2-ylideneamino)carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 79163-08-9 C6H3N3O7*C10H12N4O2S
    (4-nitrophenyl) N'-(propan-2-ylideneamino)carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(benzylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 79571-69-0 C16H14N2O2S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(benzylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— 6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-5-oxo-hexanenitrile 744256-33-5 C12H13NO2
    6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-5-oxo-hexanenitrile
    —— Carbamimidoyl-(2-chlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-disulfid 46191-39-3 C7H7ClN2OS2
    Carbamimidoyl-(2-chlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-disulfid
    —— 1459803-53-2 BrH*C19H17N3O3S
    —— N-Pivaloyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoaethanol 22219-29-0 C13H19NO3
    N-Pivaloyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoaethanol
    —— 2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexachlor-1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxymethylen-5,8-dihydro-naphthalin 98018-75-8 C13H8Cl6O4
    2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexachlor-1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxymethylen-5,8-dihydro-naphthalin
    —— 1393826-19-1 C22H20N2O4
    —— (E)-3-methoxy-2-[(p-tolylimino)methyl]phenol 1608119-25-0 C15H15NO2
    (E)-3-methoxy-2-[(p-tolylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxyimino-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 61561-13-5 C8H6ClNO4
    2-Hydroxyimino-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-aethyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrazolin 95426-65-6 C18H20N2O
    1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-aethyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrazolin
    —— 5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-methoxy-4-propylphenol 1613299-19-6 C25H25NO3
    5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-methoxy-4-propylphenol
    —— 2,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-bromophenol 426820-51-1 C20H17BrO3
    2,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-bromophenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]phenol 664323-90-4 C19H20N2O2S
    4-methoxy-2-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— (3E)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 550373-99-4 C21H16N2O3
    (3E)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one