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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(2-Phenylphosphanylethyliminomethyl)phenol 276865-79-3 C15H16NOP
    2-(2-Phenylphosphanylethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-bromo-4-cyclopentyloxy-phenol 1384191-94-9 C11H13BrO2
    2-bromo-4-cyclopentyloxy-phenol
    —— N-(2-Dimethylamino-1-methyl-ethyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionamide 107771-93-7 C14H22N2O2
    N-(2-Dimethylamino-1-methyl-ethyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionamide
    —— 1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-one oxime 1206479-11-9 C11H12ClNO2
    1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-one oxime
    —— 1340478-97-8 C21H36O2Si
    —— N-[1-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-(phenylthio) ethyl amine 1030607-98-7 C16H17NO2S
    N-[1-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-(phenylthio) ethyl amine
    —— N-cyano-N'-(6-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenylmethyl)-acetamidine 736946-65-9 C10H10ClN3O
    N-cyano-N'-(6-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenylmethyl)-acetamidine
    —— 3-Butoxy-4-methoxyphenol 65383-60-0 C11H16O3
    3-Butoxy-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(6-benzylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazono-methyl]-4-bromo-6-methoxy-phenol 851660-90-7 C19H16BrN7O3
    2-[(6-benzylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazono-methyl]-4-bromo-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1-isopropyl-1-methyl-N-phenyl-l4-sulfanimine compound with picric acid (1:1) 103375-86-6 C6H3N3O7*C10H15NS
    1-isopropyl-1-methyl-N-phenyl-l4-sulfanimine compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— N-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-acetophenonimine 26325-44-0 C10H13NO
    N-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-acetophenonimine
    —— (E,Z)-cyano-{5-[(E,Z)-1-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}-acetic acid ethyl ester 851646-15-6 C17H15Br2N3O4S
    (E,Z)-cyano-{5-[(E,Z)-1-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-one 63751-39-3 C16H13BrN2O2S
    3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-one
    —— thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-[1-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethylLiDenehydrazone] 109844-72-6 C11H11N3O3S
    thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-[1-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethylLiDenehydrazone]
    —— (+/-)-(<i>S</i>)-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-isothiourea; picrate 39192-35-3 C6H3N3O7*C9H12N2S
    (+/-)-(<i>S</i>)-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-isothiourea; picrate
    —— (Z)-5-(5-(cyclohexylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol 773057-00-4 C15H19N3O3S
    (Z)-5-(5-(cyclohexylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-{[(E)-(R)-1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 127733-51-1 C15H14ClNO
    2-{[(E)-(R)-1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 40189-07-9 C25H21N5O8
    —— 24039-95-0 C22H18O2
    —— 1412860-09-3 C11H14O4
    —— 4-hydroxytoluene-3-thiocarboxylic acid amide 58952-00-4 C8H9NOS
    4-hydroxytoluene-3-thiocarboxylic acid amide
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-azido-6-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazin 59336-45-7 C14H10N6O2
    2-Methoxy-4-azido-6-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazin
    —— 2-bromo-5-chlorohydroquinone 30100-39-1 C6H4BrClO2
    2-bromo-5-chlorohydroquinone
    —— 3-nitro-5-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzene-1,2-diol hydrobromide 1222881-53-9 BrH*C13H8N4O5
    3-nitro-5-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzene-1,2-diol hydrobromide
    —— 2-bromo-4,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 874519-00-3 C8H7BrCl2O
    2-bromo-4,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2',5,5'-trimethoxy-4,4'-di-t-butylazobenzol 35291-84-0 C23H32N2O4
    2-Hydroxy-2',5,5'-trimethoxy-4,4'-di-t-butylazobenzol
    —— (Z)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate 111260-20-9 C16H17NO5S
    (Z)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate
    —— 2-Brom-<6-2H>-isovanillin 27160-15-2 C8H7BrO3
    2-Brom-<6-2H>-isovanillin
    —— Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate 1584164-35-1 C11H14O5
    Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-isopropylpyrrolium picrate 121725-05-1 C6H3N3O7*C9H16N2O
    4-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-isopropylpyrrolium picrate
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenol 856290-37-4 C10H11NO2
    2-(4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 79250-20-7 C14H14N2O2
    —— 2-[2-(Aziridin-1-yl)ethyliminomethyl]phenol;nickel(2+) 38966-31-3 C22H28N4NiO2+2
    2-[2-(Aziridin-1-yl)ethyliminomethyl]phenol;nickel(2+)
    —— (5R)-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 1095989-31-3 C11H12FNO3
    (5R)-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— Phenol, 2-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl- 1261761-30-1 C8H8F2O
    Phenol, 2-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone nicotinic acid hydrazone 390374-42-2 C15H15N3O3
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone nicotinic acid hydrazone
    —— 4-((2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol 953057-10-8 C10H13NO4
    4-((2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-((E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinylthio)-4-chlorophenol 1381775-76-3 C12H9ClOS2
    2-((E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinylthio)-4-chlorophenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid 89942-84-7 C8H7NO6
    2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-5-methyl-phenol 39799-61-6 C12H14N4O3
    2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-5-methyl-phenol
    —— -3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) acrylonitrile 876347-01-2 C11H11NO
    -3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) acrylonitrile
    —— 5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-imino-3-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-one 1200830-60-9 C15H11N3O2S
    5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-imino-3-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-chloro-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]acetamide 117207-21-3 C11H14ClNO3
    N-chloro-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]acetamide
    —— (5-(Ethoxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid 1334679-92-3 C10H15BO4
    (5-(Ethoxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethanol 6890-41-1 C18H23NO3
    1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethanol
    —— 4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenol 1430413-18-5 C11H11N3O
    4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone 111317-16-9 C8H8N4O4
    2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone)-1,2-propandiimine 1236008-87-9 C21H26N2O4
    bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone)-1,2-propandiimine
    —— 183246-90-4 C22H24FeN2O6
    —— 2-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol 639452-69-0 C13H18BrN3O
    2-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol