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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S)-3-(4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propane-1,2-diol 113798-78-0 C12H18O4
    (2S)-3-(4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
    —— (R)-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)]phenyl glycerol 126824-46-2 C12H18O4
    (R)-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)]phenyl glycerol
    —— 3-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-ol 1153248-37-3 C12H18O3
    3-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-ol
    —— 1,6-bis-O-p-(2-methoxyethyl)phenyl-3,4-O-methoxymethylene-2,5-O-methylene-D-mannitol 114218-32-5 C27H36O9
    1,6-bis-O-p-(2-methoxyethyl)phenyl-3,4-O-methoxymethylene-2,5-O-methylene-D-mannitol
    —— (S)-1-bromo-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propan-2-ol 1339949-16-4 C12H17BrO3
    (S)-1-bromo-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propan-2-ol
    —— (S)-5-((4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)oxazolidin-2-one 1333949-81-7 C13H17NO4
    (S)-5-((4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)oxazolidin-2-one
    —— tert-butyl 3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)acrylate 1092473-64-7 C16H22O4
    tert-butyl 3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)acrylate
    —— 3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)acrylic acid 1092473-81-8 C12H14O4
    3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)acrylic acid
    —— (R)-(4-(1-(1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazin-7-yl)methyl pivalate 1269823-82-6 C24H25N5O4
    (R)-(4-(1-(1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazin-7-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile 1269823-80-4 C18H14N6O
    (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile
    —— (R/S)-4-[2-(4-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-phenol 791097-48-8 C13H17NO3
    (R/S)-4-[2-(4-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— (R)-(4-(1-(2-cyano-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazin-7-yl)methyl pivalate 1269823-81-5 C24H24N6O3
    (R)-(4-(1-(2-cyano-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazin-7-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— 3-[(E)-Propyliminomethyl]-phenol 213891-21-5 C10H13NO
    3-[(E)-Propyliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pentanoic acid 1359979-45-5 C12H16O5
    (3S)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pentanoic acid
    —— 4-allyl-2-bromophenol 17269-79-3 C9H9BrO
    4-allyl-2-bromophenol
    —— 4-(3-{tris[2-(triethylsilyl)ethyl]silyl}propyl)phenol 339531-22-5 C33H68OSi4
    4-(3-{tris[2-(triethylsilyl)ethyl]silyl}propyl)phenol
    —— 4-{4-[(3-methyl-3-oxetanyl)methoxy]butoxy}phenol 163009-96-9 C15H22O4
    4-{4-[(3-methyl-3-oxetanyl)methoxy]butoxy}phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl-cyclopropane 663952-53-2 C10H11NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl-cyclopropane
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-fluoro-1-propene 128259-91-6 C9H9FO
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-fluoro-1-propene
    —— 4-[3-(triethylsilyl)propyl]phenol 339531-20-3 C15H26OSi
    4-[3-(triethylsilyl)propyl]phenol
    —— 5-Ethoxy-2-hexyl-3-methoxy-4-methylphenol 89711-24-0 C16H26O3
    5-Ethoxy-2-hexyl-3-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-Hexyl-3-methoxy-5-propylphenol 89711-22-8 C16H26O2
    2-Hexyl-3-methoxy-5-propylphenol
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one 958980-96-6 C22H25NO7
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 1415387-84-6 C24H29NO7
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— SR-9805 1334526-17-8 C25H31NO6
    SR-9805
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-butyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propanamide 1334469-93-0 C22H27NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-butyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N,N-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propanamide 958948-29-3 C22H27NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N,N-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 1334469-72-5 C24H29NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(p-tolyl)propanamide 1334469-97-4 C25H25NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(p-tolyl)propanamide
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(3,3-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 1334469-76-9 C25H31NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(3,3-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 1-(azepan-1-yl)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 1334470-02-8 C24H29NO6
    1-(azepan-1-yl)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 958981-88-9 C23H27NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 958986-41-9 C22H25NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol 22002-36-4 C10H14O3
    2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 62648-55-9 C9H10O4
    5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-[2-aza-2-(3-methyl-(2-pyridyl))vinyl]phenol 59129-93-0 C13H12N2O
    2-[2-aza-2-(3-methyl-(2-pyridyl))vinyl]phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentan-1-ol 19523-05-8 C12H18O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentan-1-ol
    —— ethyl (3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetate 672931-44-1 C11H14O3
    ethyl (3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[[1-(1-methylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]methyl]phenol 1042576-48-6 C16H26N2O2
    2-Methoxy-5-[[[1-(1-methylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 26,28-Diamino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol 1277239-54-9 C40H50N2O2S4
    26,28-Diamino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol
    —— 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide 303087-79-8 C18H20N2O6
    3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— 4-aminocatechol trifluoroacetate 114903-51-4 C2HF3O2*C6H7NO2
    4-aminocatechol trifluoroacetate
    —— 4-[5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1430092-76-4 C17H16N2O5S
    4-[5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyrogallol 66125-15-3 C9H12O3
    4-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyrogallol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride 1257321-31-5 C8H8ClNO2
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride
    —— (2E)-N'-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide 1265608-65-8 C18H20N2O6
    (2E)-N'-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylpiperazino)-1-propanone 287199-25-1 C14H20N2O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylpiperazino)-1-propanone
    —— (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)dimorpholinomethane 239438-66-5 C15H20Br2N2O3
    (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)dimorpholinomethane
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-pentyl-benzol 132980-48-4 C12H18O
    2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-pentyl-benzol
    —— 2-(dimorpholinomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 165402-16-4 C15H21N3O5
    2-(dimorpholinomethyl)-4-nitrophenol