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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Phenol, 2-fluoro-4-(2-nitro-1-propen-1-yl)- 1314994-89-2 C9H8FNO3
    Phenol, 2-fluoro-4-(2-nitro-1-propen-1-yl)-
    —— 2-Methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-hepten-(6)-in-(4) 100883-24-7 C14H16O
    2-Methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-hepten-(6)-in-(4)
    —— 2,4-diethoxy-3,6-dimethoxyphenol 91766-30-2 C12H18O5
    2,4-diethoxy-3,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 1-Anilino-3-[(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]urea 1415358-86-9 C16H17N3O4
    1-Anilino-3-[(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]urea
    —— 2-(N-((Anilinocarbonyl)oxy)dodecanimidoyl)-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene 401935-14-6 C26H36N2O3
    2-(N-((Anilinocarbonyl)oxy)dodecanimidoyl)-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene
    —— 2,6-bis(phenylseleno)phenol 159151-73-2 C18H14OSe2
    2,6-bis(phenylseleno)phenol
    —— 5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-ethylphenylhydrazin 92852-71-6 C15H15N3O3
    5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-ethylphenylhydrazin
    —— 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propanamide 1025471-41-3 C20H20N2O3S
    3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propanamide
    —— N'-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)formimidamide 1233851-80-3 C11H9N5O
    N'-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)formimidamide
    —— 1,4-bis(4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde carbohydrazonone)butane 1005237-66-0 C20H22N4O6
    1,4-bis(4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde carbohydrazonone)butane
    —— 1-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-tetradecanone oxime 140943-08-4 C20H33NO3
    1-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-tetradecanone oxime
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[[4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]iminomethyl]phenol 77203-50-0 C17H13BrN2OS
    4-Bromo-2-[[4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 3-(α-cyclopropyl((5-(4-carboxylic-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)furfur-2-yl))-4-hydroxy-6-(α-ethylphenethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 162170-97-0 C27H27N3O6
    3-(α-cyclopropyl((5-(4-carboxylic-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)furfur-2-yl))-4-hydroxy-6-(α-ethylphenethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 1-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,6,8-trimethyl-1H,8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-trione 871700-43-5 C16H13FIN3O4
    1-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,6,8-trimethyl-1H,8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-trione
    —— 1611470-74-6 C16H24N2O4
    —— 2-(2-acetoxy-3-chloro)propyl-3-methoxyphenol 108088-25-1 C12H15ClO4
    2-(2-acetoxy-3-chloro)propyl-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 1309774-33-1 C18H16O3
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylthiazole-2(3H)-thione 1398409-84-1 C15H11NOS2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylthiazole-2(3H)-thione
    —— 4-[2-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl]butan-2-one 960357-48-6 C18H19BrO3
    4-[2-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl]butan-2-one
    —— 2-Etiltio-3,5-dimetil-fenolo 25674-58-2 C10H14OS
    2-Etiltio-3,5-dimetil-fenolo
    —— 4-{3-[1-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-3H-2,5-dithia-4,9b-diaza-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-yl}-2-methoxy-phenol 128921-85-7 C23H17BrN2O2S2
    4-{3-[1-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-3H-2,5-dithia-4,9b-diaza-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-yl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-<3-Chlor-salicylidenamino>-thiazol 90767-38-7 C10H7ClN2OS
    2-<3-Chlor-salicylidenamino>-thiazol
    —— 3-cyclobutylphenol 211495-49-7 C10H12O
    3-cyclobutylphenol
    —— 9,33-dibromo-19,22,25,28-tetraoxahexacyclo[15.12.7.17,11.131,35.05,29.013,18]octatriaconta-1(29),2,4,7,9,11(38),13,15,17,31,33,35(37)-dodecaene-37,38-diol 174532-29-7 C34H32Br2O6
    9,33-dibromo-19,22,25,28-tetraoxahexacyclo[15.12.7.17,11.131,35.05,29.013,18]octatriaconta-1(29),2,4,7,9,11(38),13,15,17,31,33,35(37)-dodecaene-37,38-diol
    —— anti-2-hydroxy-11-oximino-6,9-methano-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzocyclooctene 77955-02-3 C13H15NO2
    anti-2-hydroxy-11-oximino-6,9-methano-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzocyclooctene
    —— 2-Methyl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-octen-(7)-in-(5) 101088-76-0 C15H18O
    2-Methyl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-octen-(7)-in-(5)
    —— 2-{[(E)-3-Methylsulfanyl-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol 15223-17-3 C14H12N2O3S
    2-{[(E)-3-Methylsulfanyl-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-5,5'-diformyl-dibenzylaether 95022-94-9 C18H18O7
    2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-5,5'-diformyl-dibenzylaether
    —— 2.2-Dimethyl-4-buten-(3)-in-(1)-yl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydropyran 101746-75-2 C17H20O2
    2.2-Dimethyl-4-buten-(3)-in-(1)-yl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydropyran
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone 144631-35-6 C8H8N4O3S
    4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone
    —— tert-Butyl [(2R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-2-hydroxyethyl][2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate 643093-81-6 C20H25ClN2O4
    tert-Butyl [(2R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-2-hydroxyethyl][2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— (E)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide 1285525-63-4 C14H16N4O4
    (E)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide
    —— (S)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinecarboxylate 1202810-30-7 C15H18Cl3NO4
    (S)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinecarboxylate
    —— (E)-4-bromo-2-((thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol 1133062-42-6 C10H7BrN2OS
    (E)-4-bromo-2-((thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— (E)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-cyanobenzyl oxime 1072709-00-2 C17H16N2O3
    (E)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-cyanobenzyl oxime
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one 1427192-04-8 C23H30N2O4
    1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 5-methoxy-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol 847267-26-9 C12H16O2Si
    5-methoxy-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol
    —— diethyl (2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-hydroxyphenyl) phosphate 27883-71-2 C10H11Cl4O5P
    diethyl (2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-hydroxyphenyl) phosphate
    —— α-Salicylidene-γ-thiobutyrolactone 79043-40-6 C11H10O2S
    α-Salicylidene-γ-thiobutyrolactone
    —— 1-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 126523-19-1 C19H21NO5
    1-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one
    —— trans-bis(3-hydroxypicolinate)bis(3-picoline)copper(II) 1375070-39-5 C24H22CuN4O6
    trans-bis(3-hydroxypicolinate)bis(3-picoline)copper(II)
    —— 3-(2-bromobenzyloxy)-5-methoxyphenol 1068441-38-2 C14H13BrO3
    3-(2-bromobenzyloxy)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2-Fluoro-decyloxy)-phenol 113701-98-7 C16H25FO2
    4-(2-Fluoro-decyloxy)-phenol
    —— 3,5-Dichlor-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzol 115893-48-6 C7H6Cl2O3
    3,5-Dichlor-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzol
    —— N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[[[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-propylphenyl)acetyl]-(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide 1282544-83-5 C28H36N4O6S2
    N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-[[[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-propylphenyl)acetyl]-(3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide
    —— 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde O,O-di(2-(((2,3-dihydroxy-4-(8-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-dien-1-yl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)ethyl) dioxime 1290040-24-2 C48H50N8O18
    2,3-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde O,O-di(2-(((2,3-dihydroxy-4-(8-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-dien-1-yl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)ethyl) dioxime
    —— Salicyliden-5-hydroxy-2-aminomethyl-pyridin 93140-76-2 C13H12N2O2
    Salicyliden-5-hydroxy-2-aminomethyl-pyridin
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 61222-90-0 C11H13IO4
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— (+/-)-5-Ethyl-5-methyl-2-salicyliden-dihydrofuran-3-on 2455-22-3 C14H16O3
    (+/-)-5-Ethyl-5-methyl-2-salicyliden-dihydrofuran-3-on
    —— 11,24-dimethyl-4,7,16,19-tetraoxa-3,8,15,20-tetraazatricyclo[20.3.1.1(10,13)]heptacosa-1(25),2,7,9,11,13(27),14,20,22(26),23-decaene-26,27-diol 1374844-26-4 C22H24N4O6
    11,24-dimethyl-4,7,16,19-tetraoxa-3,8,15,20-tetraazatricyclo[20.3.1.1(10,13)]heptacosa-1(25),2,7,9,11,13(27),14,20,22(26),23-decaene-26,27-diol