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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— {PtCl2(3-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline)} 117063-60-2 C12H16Cl2N2O2Pt
    {PtCl2(3-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline)}
    —— N-[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylacetamide 947522-58-9 C11H15NO2
    N-[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylacetamide
    —— 84775-03-1 C6H6O2*C12H30N6*3H
    —— (15)N-2-nitrophenol 92241-75-3 C6H5NO3
    (15)N-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2,4-Difluoro-3-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid 1807180-20-6 C8H6F2O3
    2,4-Difluoro-3-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
    —— 2-hydroxy-dithiobenzoic acid ethyl ester 119540-60-2 C9H10OS2
    2-hydroxy-dithiobenzoic acid ethyl ester
    —— (S)-2-amino-3-methyl-1,1-diphenylbutan-1-ol 116128-14-4 C12H17NO2
    (S)-2-amino-3-methyl-1,1-diphenylbutan-1-ol
    —— 2-amino-5-(2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl)thiazole 98293-41-5 C9H5Cl3N2O2S
    2-amino-5-(2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl)thiazole
    —— 2-methylsulfanyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide 39185-69-8 C14H14N4O4S
    2-methylsulfanyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide
    —— 4-(1-octynyl)-phenol 1414963-52-2 C14H18O
    4-(1-octynyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-benzyl)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ6-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 409108-04-9 C13H16O5S
    2-(4-Hydroxy-benzyl)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ6-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— Orcilaldehyde-4-phenylthiosemicarbazone 19851-18-4 C15H15N3O2S
    Orcilaldehyde-4-phenylthiosemicarbazone
    —— 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-{2-[2-(6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1H-inden-2-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl]-ethyl}-acetamide 39595-82-9 C22H22F3NO5
    2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-{2-[2-(6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1H-inden-2-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl]-ethyl}-acetamide
    —— 3.5-dinitro-2-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-benzene 143999-39-7 C11H14N2O5
    3.5-dinitro-2-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-benzene
    —— <4-(1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclotridecan-12-ylmethyl)benzylcarbamoylmethoxymethyl>pyridine 122526-65-2 C26H38N6O3
    <4-(1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclotridecan-12-ylmethyl)benzylcarbamoylmethoxymethyl>pyridine
    —— 4-bromo-2-(2-hydroxybut-3-yn-2-yl)phenol 1208918-29-9 C10H9BrO2
    4-bromo-2-(2-hydroxybut-3-yn-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2,5-bis-salicylidenamino-pyridine 113063-26-6 C19H15N3O2
    2,5-bis-salicylidenamino-pyridine
    —— 1-[4-(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-butyl]-pyridinium; chloride 109450-03-5 C17H21ClNO*Cl
    1-[4-(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-butyl]-pyridinium; chloride
    —— 2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxy-6-{[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenol 205313-79-7 C18H24N2O2
    2-tert-Butyl-4-methoxy-6-{[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 266689-61-6 C17H20CdN2O7
    —— 2-Dimethylaminomethyl-4-ethyl-6-methoxy-phenol; hydrochloride 81490-76-8 C12H19NO2*ClH
    2-Dimethylaminomethyl-4-ethyl-6-methoxy-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— Picric acid; compound with 1-(3-diethylamino-propyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione 39756-45-1 C6H3N3O7*C11H18N2O2
    Picric acid; compound with 1-(3-diethylamino-propyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione
    —— N-[(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin4-yl)methyl]-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 276702-87-5 C17H24ClN3O7S
    N-[(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin4-yl)methyl]-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— (4-{4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy]-benzenesulfonyl}-phenoxy)-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 123827-14-5 C32H30N4O10S
    (4-{4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy]-benzenesulfonyl}-phenoxy)-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzonitrile 1374575-05-9 C9H9NO2
    4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzonitrile
    —— (E)-1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)semicarbazide 94794-25-9 C8H8BrN3O2
    (E)-1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)semicarbazide
    —— 4-[(3-trimethylsilanyl-propylamino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1443121-75-2 C13H23NO2Si
    4-[(3-trimethylsilanyl-propylamino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-Chloro-4-hydroxybenzimidamide 84437-17-2 C7H7ClN2O
    3-Chloro-4-hydroxybenzimidamide
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitranilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidincarbonsaeure-ethylester 39975-87-6 C19H16N4O5
    4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitranilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidincarbonsaeure-ethylester
    —— N-cyclohexan-2-on-1-methyl-N'-(β-salicylideneaminoethyl)piperazine 135330-63-1 C20H29N3O2
    N-cyclohexan-2-on-1-methyl-N'-(β-salicylideneaminoethyl)piperazine
    —— (E)-4-(pent-2-en-1-yl)phenol 1433269-82-9 C11H14O
    (E)-4-(pent-2-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(5-phenyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-biphenyl-4-ol 39875-84-8 C21H15NO2
    3-(5-phenyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-biphenyl-4-ol
    —— 1338239-88-5 C15H14ClNO
    —— 2.3.6.7-tetramethyl-1.4-dihydro-naphthalenediol-(5.8) 106596-66-1 C14H18O2
    2.3.6.7-tetramethyl-1.4-dihydro-naphthalenediol-(5.8)
    —— benzyl 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethylcarbamate 1394900-13-0 C17H19NO4
    benzyl 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethylcarbamate
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-methoxy-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1431839-47-2 C16H30O2Si2
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-methoxy-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)adipodihydrazone 1062484-72-3 C22H24N6O8
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)adipodihydrazone
    —— 3-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]oxaphosphole-3-oxide 1202032-95-8 C11H15O3P
    3-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]oxaphosphole-3-oxide
    —— 5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-phenyl- 113465-81-9 C19H19NO5
    5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-phenyl-
    —— 5-Methyladrenalin 2887-79-8 C10H15NO3
    5-Methyladrenalin
    —— Des-N-methyl-1-brommetadehydrosinomenin 22231-48-7 C20H22BrNO4
    Des-N-methyl-1-brommetadehydrosinomenin
    —— 4-[2-(2-chloromethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 28939-33-5 C14H19ClO3
    4-[2-(2-chloromethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-((2E,4E)-6-methyl-hepta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol 24128-12-9 C15H20O2
    2-Methoxy-4-((2E,4E)-6-methyl-hepta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol
    —— 2,4-dinitrophenol;morpholine-4-carboxamide 87448-68-8 C5H10N2O2*C6H4N2O5
    2,4-dinitrophenol;morpholine-4-carboxamide
    —— methyl (E)-6-(2-hydroxy-3-iodo-6-methoxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-methylhex-4-enoate 182010-56-6 C17H23IO4
    methyl (E)-6-(2-hydroxy-3-iodo-6-methoxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-methylhex-4-enoate
    —— 1-Oxo-7-oxy-6b,11b-dihydro(pyridazin<4',5'-c>-pyrrolo)<2.1-c>benzoxazin-1,4 96876-06-1 C13H7N3O3
    1-Oxo-7-oxy-6b,11b-dihydro(pyridazin<4',5'-c>-pyrrolo)<2.1-c>benzoxazin-1,4
    —— 4-(2-Methoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-phenol 17178-16-4 C10H14O2S
    4-(2-Methoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— [(3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy(D3)-methylene]-5-methoxy(D3)adamantane 552848-20-1 C19H23ClO3
    [(3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy(D3)-methylene]-5-methoxy(D3)adamantane
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-propane-1,2-diamine 324059-19-0 C19H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-propane-1,2-diamine
    —— 2-cyano-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl-amide 878795-59-6 C19H16N2O4
    2-cyano-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl-amide