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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-propionylbenzocyclohepten-5-one 145615-02-7 C14H16O2
    6-propionylbenzocyclohepten-5-one
    —— 4-[[(1-Ethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol;hydrochloride 1856046-40-6 C12H16ClN3O2
    4-[[(1-Ethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol;hydrochloride
    —— Deterenol sulfate 7104-41-8 C11H19NO6S
    Deterenol sulfate
    —— 6,6'-(((azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol) 1357360-51-0 C18H19Cl2N3O2
    6,6'-(((azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol)
    —— 2-{[4-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl}benzene-1,4-diol 1158077-18-9 C12H17N3O2Si
    2-{[4-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl}benzene-1,4-diol
    —— δ-oxy-δ-(2-oxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-heptane 861550-78-9 C14H22O2
    δ-oxy-δ-(2-oxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-heptane
    —— 4-{2-[1-Methyl-pyrrolidin-(2E)-ylideneamino]-ethyl}-benzene-1,2-diol 27737-51-5 C13H18N2O2
    4-{2-[1-Methyl-pyrrolidin-(2E)-ylideneamino]-ethyl}-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(4-Methyl-2-nitro-phenylamino)-benzene-1,3,5-triol 96446-94-5 C13H12N2O5
    2-(4-Methyl-2-nitro-phenylamino)-benzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— N<sup>2</sup>-para-hydroxyphenyl-N',N'-dimethylformamidine 147293-49-0 C9H12N2O
    N<sup>2</sup>-para-hydroxyphenyl-N',N'-dimethylformamidine
    —— m-Hydroxy-phenyl-methyl-phenylphosphin 2129-82-0 C13H13OP
    m-Hydroxy-phenyl-methyl-phenylphosphin
    —— 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzofuran-2-carboxamide 1610831-59-8 C19H20N2O5
    2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzofuran-2-carboxamide
    —— 2,2'-diphenyl-2,2'-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-dihydro-pyrimidine-1,3-diyl]-bis-acetonitrile 2164-73-0 C27H26N4O2
    2,2'-diphenyl-2,2'-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-dihydro-pyrimidine-1,3-diyl]-bis-acetonitrile
    —— 3,6-di(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1229193-35-4 C18H22O2
    3,6-di(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(Hydroxy-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol 162653-16-9 C13H13NO3
    2-(Hydroxy-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-(nonyloxy)phenol 136558-85-5 C18H30O4
    2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-(nonyloxy)phenol
    —— [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid bis-(3-methyl-butyl) ester 36971-36-5 C17H28BrO5P
    [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid bis-(3-methyl-butyl) ester
    —— N'-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 91430-94-3 C11H16N2O4
    N'-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1320270-20-9 C17H13FN2O2S
    —— 2,5-bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 2639-21-6 C16H14N2O3
    2,5-bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(2-phenyl-5-pyrazin-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 75303-23-0 C20H18N4O2
    2-Methoxy-4-(2-phenyl-5-pyrazin-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 6-dodecyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 98506-68-4 C29H49NO7
    6-dodecyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— diethyl ((5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)phosphonate 36971-33-2 C11H16BrO5P
    diethyl ((5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)phosphonate
    —— Tetramethylthiouronium iodide,S-(4-hydroxyphenyl 120243-15-4 C11H17N2OS*I
    Tetramethylthiouronium iodide,S-(4-hydroxyphenyl
    —— 15-dodecyl-15-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane 106419-45-8 C30H51NO8
    15-dodecyl-15-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane
    —— tert-butyl benzyl(4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate 1357288-38-0 C19H23NO3
    tert-butyl benzyl(4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 132552-74-0 C12H21N2O4P
    2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-2-yl)phenol 1279019-22-5 C13H10O3
    2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[(4-bromo-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol 228719-86-6 C13H10BrNO3
    4-[(4-bromo-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 2-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2-methylpropanoic acid 1562526-42-4 C12H15NO4
    2-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]benzene-1,4-diol 286855-11-6 C18H20N2O3
    2-[4-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-methoxy-6-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methyl-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenol 132277-51-1 C13H18O4
    3-methoxy-6-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methyl-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— Germane, triphenyl[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylcarbonyl)telluro]- 415901-34-7 C29H30GeOTe
    Germane, triphenyl[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylcarbonyl)telluro]-
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid 24021-08-7 C15H18O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (E)-3-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1339943-41-7 C17H19NO2
    (E)-3-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N,N-diethyl(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)thioacetamide 83504-99-8 C13H19NOS
    N,N-diethyl(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)thioacetamide
    —— (S)-(+)-2-(2-Hydroxybenzylidenimino)-butan 3082-84-6 C11H15NO
    (S)-(+)-2-(2-Hydroxybenzylidenimino)-butan
    —— 4-[2-(Tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethanesulfonyl)-ethyl]-phenol 108008-01-1 C13H18O4S
    4-[2-(Tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethanesulfonyl)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— S-(4-bromo-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) 2-benzylidenehydrazine-1-carbothioate 55635-40-0 C14H11BrN2O3S
    S-(4-bromo-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) 2-benzylidenehydrazine-1-carbothioate
    —— methyl 6-(25,26-dihydroxy-23-methyl-3,7,15,19-tetraazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]hexacosa-1(24),9,11,13(26),21(25),22-hexaen-11-yl)hex-5-ynoate 398507-39-6 C30H42N4O4
    methyl 6-(25,26-dihydroxy-23-methyl-3,7,15,19-tetraazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]hexacosa-1(24),9,11,13(26),21(25),22-hexaen-11-yl)hex-5-ynoate
    —— 2-Chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-benzyl)-acetamide 26709-23-9 C10H11Cl2NO2
    2-Chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-benzyl)-acetamide
    —— 3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(methyloxy)phenol 871339-18-3 C7H6BrClO2
    3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(methyloxy)phenol
    —— 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzaldehyde 81477-10-3 C14H17ClO3
    3-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(1-Allyl-1-aminomethyl-but-3-enyl)-phenol 13065-75-3 C14H19NO
    4-(1-Allyl-1-aminomethyl-but-3-enyl)-phenol
    —— (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane 74199-46-5 C13H12N4O
    (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane
    —— 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 27828-42-8 C16H22O4
    3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— ethyl 1-(3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxopyrimidin-5-carboxylate 1314021-47-0 C24H23ClN2O6
    ethyl 1-(3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxopyrimidin-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride 1824415-91-9 C7H7FO4S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride
    —— N-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)ethenesulfonamide 1221741-00-9 C11H15NO3S
    N-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)ethenesulfonamide
    —— 4-(2-(bis(ethyl-1,2,2,2-d4)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1073244-84-4 C12H19NO3
    4-(2-(bis(ethyl-1,2,2,2-d4)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide 1174762-78-7 C12H16N2O3
    N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide