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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methyl-4-nitro-6-(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol 133394-02-2 C12H16N2O3
    3-methyl-4-nitro-6-(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 1197365-47-1 C25H38O4Si
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methoxymethyl-5'-methylphenyl)-3-(3-thienyl)-propane-1,3-dione 160194-77-4 C16H16O4S
    1-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methoxymethyl-5'-methylphenyl)-3-(3-thienyl)-propane-1,3-dione
    —— (S)-N-{1-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}pivaloylamide 1032453-11-4 C17H27NO4
    (S)-N-{1-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}pivaloylamide
    —— 3-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-1-<3.5-dimethyl-benzofuran-2-yl>-propen-1-on-semicarbazon 10445-71-3 C21H21N3O4
    3-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-1-<3.5-dimethyl-benzofuran-2-yl>-propen-1-on-semicarbazon
    —— <o-hydroxy-α-(2-pyridylamino)benzyl>phosphonic acid 61146-27-8 C12H13N2O4P
    <o-hydroxy-α-(2-pyridylamino)benzyl>phosphonic acid
    —— 2-(2,3-Dichloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclobutanone 25195-08-8 C11H8Cl2O2
    2-(2,3-Dichloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclobutanone
    —— S-12-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)dodecylethanethioate 1000974-13-9 C20H32O3S
    S-12-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)dodecylethanethioate
    —— N-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide 1344115-19-0 C16H15N3O4
    N-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-fluoro-2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol 1637473-63-2 C12H17FN2O
    4-fluoro-2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 148228-60-8 C26H30N4O4
    —— 17646-36-5 C14H8ClFN4OS
    —— 3,5-dibenzyloxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde 1310708-31-6 C22H20O4
    3,5-dibenzyloxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 1-nitro-4,6-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol 107607-52-3 C8H3F6NO7S2
    1-nitro-4,6-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol
    —— 7-Hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-tetralon 1865-84-5 C14H18O2
    7-Hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-tetralon
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methyl-6-non-1-ynyl-benzaldehyde 859507-80-5 C18H24O3
    4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methyl-6-non-1-ynyl-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-oxo-buttersaeure-aethylester 1723-23-5 C13H16O5
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-oxo-buttersaeure-aethylester
    —— 2-[13-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]tridecyliminomethyl]phenol 1292288-44-8 C27H38N2O2
    2-[13-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]tridecyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 3-cyclohexyl-4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 478253-67-7 C17H22N4O3S
    3-cyclohexyl-4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 6-[4-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyleneaminophenyl]-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)one 128995-78-8 C17H15N3O3
    6-[4-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyleneaminophenyl]-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)one
    —— 5-ethoxy-2,4-dinitro-phenol 175282-88-9 C8H8N2O6
    5-ethoxy-2,4-dinitro-phenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,5-bis-<1,5-dimethyl-octadien-(2,6)-yl>-toluol 19816-10-5 C27H40O
    4-Hydroxy-3,5-bis-<1,5-dimethyl-octadien-(2,6)-yl>-toluol
    —— 4-<2-Cyclohexyliden-aethyl>-o-kresol 6792-02-5 C15H20O
    4-<2-Cyclohexyliden-aethyl>-o-kresol
    —— [Pd2(μ-3,5-dimethylpyrazole(-H))2(3,5-dimethylpyrazole)2(p-hydroxybenzoate-κO)2] 916852-88-5 C34H40N8O6Pd2
    [Pd2(μ-3,5-dimethylpyrazole(-H))2(3,5-dimethylpyrazole)2(p-hydroxybenzoate-κO)2]
    —— 1320270-19-6 C16H10BrFN2OS
    —— N-(5-nitrosalicylidene)-2-butylamine 91181-64-5 C11H14N2O3
    N-(5-nitrosalicylidene)-2-butylamine
    —— ethyl ester of 2,2-dichloro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 132755-46-5 C12H12Cl2O3
    ethyl ester of 2,2-dichloro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4R-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5S-(1R-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)oxazolidin-2-one 1011265-15-8 C24H22FNO4
    3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4R-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5S-(1R-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)oxazolidin-2-one
    —— N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-3-oxopropanoyl)benzamide 1346752-96-2 C24H19Cl2N3O5
    N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-3-oxopropanoyl)benzamide
    —— dibutyltin bis(4-hydroxyphenylmercaptide) 133532-40-8 C20H28O2S2Sn
    dibutyltin bis(4-hydroxyphenylmercaptide)
    —— 6-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-2,3-dimethyl-phenol 859781-66-1 C18H28O
    6-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-2,3-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-[3-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-methylpent-4-ynyl]phenol 1258500-50-3 C18H28O2Si
    4-[3-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-methylpent-4-ynyl]phenol
    —— 1390619-68-7 C12H15Cl2NO
    —— 1417182-09-2 C15H15NO3
    —— 1,4-phenylenedioxy-bis(acet-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide) 1202226-61-6 C26H26N4O8
    1,4-phenylenedioxy-bis(acet-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide)
    —— 4-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1431165-55-7 C13H15NO2
    4-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-[(5R)-1,7-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-3-yl]phenol 1013655-91-8 C17H21NO4
    2-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-[(5R)-1,7-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-3-yl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol 27528-46-7 C13H17ClN2O2
    4-chloro-2-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 4-[(5-Allyl-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 98189-73-2 C17H20N4O2
    4-[(5-Allyl-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-[(E)-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol 347331-44-6 C9H10N6O2
    2-[(E)-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-hydroxybutanamide 1515406-16-2 C19H31NO4
    3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-hydroxybutanamide
    —— 2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]methyliminomethyl]-4-methoxyphenol 1337912-79-4 C23H22N2O4
    2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]methyliminomethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 112477-79-9 C14H13N2O8V
    —— 2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)propanohydrazide 303086-18-2 C17H17ClN2O4
    2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)propanohydrazide
    —— 2-Isopropoxyhydrochinon 20042-92-6 C9H12O3
    2-Isopropoxyhydrochinon
    —— tert-butyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate 1334137-74-4 C17H24N2O5
    tert-butyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate
    —— 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-thiopyran-1-ylium 1609642-31-0 C7H9OS
    3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-thiopyran-1-ylium
    —— 2-methoxy-5-trifluoromethyl-hydroquinone 344-67-2 C8H7F3O3
    2-methoxy-5-trifluoromethyl-hydroquinone
    —— 5t(?)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-penta-2t,4-dienoic acid methyl ester 100798-13-8 C13H14O4
    5t(?)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-penta-2t,4-dienoic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-[(E)-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)dec-5-en-5-yl]phenol 74944-93-7 C22H28O2
    3-[(E)-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)dec-5-en-5-yl]phenol