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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)acetamide 1264718-62-8 C26H25N3O5
    2-[3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)acetamide
    —— N-<2-<(5-dimethylaminoethylfuran-2-yl)methylthio>ethyl>-N'-<3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl>guanidine tripicrate 81282-33-9 3C6H3N3O7*C17H28N6OS
    N-<2-<(5-dimethylaminoethylfuran-2-yl)methylthio>ethyl>-N'-<3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl>guanidine tripicrate
    —— 2-(3,5-bis((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-((1-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)acetamide 1264718-69-5 C32H38N6O8
    2-(3,5-bis((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-((1-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)acetamide
    —— 1-tert-butyl-2-dimethoxyphosphoryl-3,3-dimethylaziridinium 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide 1326345-04-3 C6H3N3O7*C10H22NO3P
    1-tert-butyl-2-dimethoxyphosphoryl-3,3-dimethylaziridinium 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide
    —— 1-ethyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-34-4 C5H7N3O2*C6H3N3O7
    1-ethyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— 6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-(phenylhydrazono-methyl)-quinolinium 47537-06-4 C22H18N3O2
    6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-(phenylhydrazono-methyl)-quinolinium
    —— 2,5-Dimethyl-3,6-bis<(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl>-1,4-dihydroxybenzol 38087-14-8 C20H34N4O2
    2,5-Dimethyl-3,6-bis<(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl>-1,4-dihydroxybenzol
    —— 4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 139140-16-2 C14H24O3Si
    4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1312944-90-3 C6H3N3O7*C11H8N4O2
    —— 2-{[7-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-fluoren-2-ylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol 37986-00-8 C35H26N4O3
    2-{[7-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-fluoren-2-ylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenol 17646-43-4 C14H10N4OS
    4-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenol
    —— N,2-Dihydroxy-3-(2-propen-1-yl)benzenecarboximidamide 90918-38-0 C10H12N2O2
    N,2-Dihydroxy-3-(2-propen-1-yl)benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylthio)-5-hydroxypyrimidin-4(3H)-one 1417817-28-7 C12H8F4N2O3S
    2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylthio)-5-hydroxypyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— 1H-Imidazo<1,2-a>imidazole picrate 106538-26-5 C5H5N3*C6H3N3O7
    1H-Imidazo<1,2-a>imidazole picrate
    —— furan-2yl-methanaminium picrate 99845-69-9 C5H7NO*C6H3N3O7
    furan-2yl-methanaminium picrate
    —— 3,5-Dimethylphenol-2,4,6-d3,od 1219803-59-4 C8H10O
    3,5-Dimethylphenol-2,4,6-d3,od
    —— 6-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepinium perchlorate 102536-21-0 C11H11BrN2O*ClHO4
    6-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepinium perchlorate
    —— 4-(2-Methoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-phenol 17178-15-3 C10H14O2S
    4-(2-Methoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)benzene 1067665-49-9 C22H22O2
    1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)benzene
    —— 3-[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylideneamino)-cyclohexyl]-1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide 1016229-01-8 Br*C25H29N4O3
    3-[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylideneamino)-cyclohexyl]-1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide
    —— 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-cycloocten-1-one 471279-49-9 C16H20O2
    5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-cycloocten-1-one
    —— (7aS)-1-methylenehexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine picrate 92297-10-4 C6H3N3O7*C8H13N
    (7aS)-1-methylenehexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine picrate
    —— 2,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl-2-propenyl)hydroquinone 74785-23-2 C12H16O2
    2,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl-2-propenyl)hydroquinone
    —— 5-(2-amino-5-phenylthiazol-4-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol hydrobromide 1222881-71-1 BrH*C15H11N3O4S
    5-(2-amino-5-phenylthiazol-4-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol hydrobromide
    —— 2-(2-Benzofuran-2-yl-2-benzyloxy-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 404356-49-6 C24H22O4
    2-(2-Benzofuran-2-yl-2-benzyloxy-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-32-2 C4H5N3O2*C6H3N3O7
    1-methyl-2-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— 2-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylimino)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 1236005-73-4 C16H17NO3
    2-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylimino)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-n-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol 31572-71-1 C11H16O2
    2-n-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N-<2-<(2-guanidylthiazol-4-yl)methylthio>ethyl>-N'-<3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl>guanidine tripicrate 115414-17-0 3C6H3N3O7*C14H23N9S2
    N-<2-<(2-guanidylthiazol-4-yl)methylthio>ethyl>-N'-<3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl>guanidine tripicrate
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone adipoyldihydrazone 900812-78-4 C22H24Br2N4O4
    5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone adipoyldihydrazone
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2,5,8-trimethyl-1,4,7,9b-tetraaza-phenalene 29064-11-7 C6H3N3O7*C12H12N4
    Picric acid; compound with 2,5,8-trimethyl-1,4,7,9b-tetraaza-phenalene
    —— 1089672-54-7 C18H26O5
    —— 3-bromo-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-5H-dibenzophosphole 5-oxide 458570-17-7 C14H12BrO2P
    3-bromo-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-5H-dibenzophosphole 5-oxide
    —— (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)cyclohexanone 1360626-33-0 C22H22O3
    (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)cyclohexanone
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(3-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)but-3-enyl)phenol 1448774-81-9 C15H24O2Si
    5-methoxy-2-(3-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)but-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-[2-[Bis[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]methylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyliminomethyl]-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenol 156660-05-8 C45H42N4O6
    2-[2-[Bis[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]methylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyliminomethyl]-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenol
    —— 4-(4-bromothiophen-3-yl)phenol 1312098-57-9 C10H7BrOS
    4-(4-bromothiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[b]thiophene-4,7-diol 31697-96-8 C10H12O4S
    3,3-Dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[b]thiophene-4,7-diol
    —— (2-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino]-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1037826-16-6 C20H26N4O5
    (2-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino]-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4-[4-(Oxolan-2-yl)butyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1020660-83-6 C14H20O3
    4-[4-(Oxolan-2-yl)butyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (4S,5aR,9aR)-4-(2-oxido-5-nitro-phenyl)-3-isopropyl-1-phenyl-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydroimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-3-ium 1094598-58-9 C25H28N4O3
    (4S,5aR,9aR)-4-(2-oxido-5-nitro-phenyl)-3-isopropyl-1-phenyl-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydroimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-3-ium
    —— 4-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 52249-81-7 C16H16O5
    4-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— dibutyl [(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate 1333496-59-5 C23H30ClN2O5PS
    dibutyl [(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-trityl-phenol 43207-98-3 C26H22O2
    2-Methoxy-4-trityl-phenol
    —— p-toluidine-picric acid complex 10530-54-8 C6H3N3O7*C7H9N
    p-toluidine-picric acid complex
    —— tris(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide 112381-05-2 C21H21O7P
    tris(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide
    —— 2-aminophenol*2,4,6-trinitrophenol 1426227-81-7 C6H3N3O7*C6H7NO
    2-aminophenol*2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— cyclohex-1,2-diaminium picrate 28254-88-8 2C6H3N3O7*C6H14N2
    cyclohex-1,2-diaminium picrate
    —— 3-methoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl disulfide 66582-92-1 C14H14O4S2
    3-methoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl disulfide
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone pimeloyldihydrazone 900812-79-5 C23H26Br2N4O4
    5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone pimeloyldihydrazone