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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— S-methylthiuronium picrate 2780-75-8 C2H6N2S*C6H3N3O7
    S-methylthiuronium picrate
    —— 2,2'-Trimethylen-di-(p-kresol) 94823-90-2 C17H20O2
    2,2'-Trimethylen-di-(p-kresol)
    —— N,N'-bis(5-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1292288-47-1 C28H40N2O4
    N,N'-bis(5-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— 2-(pentyliminomethyl)phenol 61146-40-5 C12H17NO
    2-(pentyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— (E,E)-2-(benzylaminocarbonyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystyryl)acrylonitrile 368836-80-0 C21H20N2O4
    (E,E)-2-(benzylaminocarbonyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystyryl)acrylonitrile
    —— 5-Cl-2-OH-C6H3CH=NC6F5 26672-10-6 C13H5ClF5NO
    5-Cl-2-OH-C6H3CH=NC6F5
    —— 4-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-O-ethylester 13806-79-6 C9H10O2S
    4-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-O-ethylester
    —— 1018466-52-8 C16H19N3O
    —— 2-Methyl-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261946-75-1 C12H12OS
    2-Methyl-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[(7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol 137438-32-5 C19H20N4O2S
    2-Methoxy-4-[(7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
    —— 5-fluoro-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol 1617531-73-3 C10H11FO
    5-fluoro-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 2,3-Dicyano-4-hydroxy-phenol anion 65192-11-2 C8H3N2O2
    2,3-Dicyano-4-hydroxy-phenol anion
    —— tert-butyl (2-fluoro-3-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate 1159685-64-9 C12H16FNO3
    tert-butyl (2-fluoro-3-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-5-methoxy-phenol 39799-62-7 C12H14N4O4
    2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— (2E,2'E)-2,2'-(1,2,4-selenadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylonitrile] 1443157-88-7 C20H12N4O2Se
    (2E,2'E)-2,2'-(1,2,4-selenadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylonitrile]
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]phenol 120676-87-1 C13H10Cl2O2
    4-chloro-2-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(1-acetylamino-1-ethyl-propyl)-4-nitro-phenol 37893-41-7 C13H18N2O4
    2-(1-acetylamino-1-ethyl-propyl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-(3-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)propyl)morpholine 93759-97-8 C13H19NO3
    4-(3-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)propyl)morpholine
    —— 5-(6-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenylazo)-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one 84705-59-9 C25H20N4O5
    5-(6-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenylazo)-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
    —— p-OH-α-Me-Benzylidenanilin 73256-38-9 C14H13NO
    p-OH-α-Me-Benzylidenanilin
    —— 1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile 881888-32-0 C12H13NO2
    1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile
    —— 4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy)-phenol 841200-71-3 C13H19NO2
    4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy)-phenol
    —— 4-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-4h-thiazolo[5,4-b]azepin-2-yl)phenol 739336-33-5 C13H14N2OS
    4-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-4h-thiazolo[5,4-b]azepin-2-yl)phenol
    —— methyl 4-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylimino)<7-14C>benzoate 175018-99-2 C15H13NO4
    methyl 4-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylimino)<7-14C>benzoate
    —— 1,5-Bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)pentane 10400-46-1 C19H24O2
    1,5-Bis(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)pentane
    —— 2-{[(E)-1-Hydroxymethyl-propylimino]-methyl}-4,6-diiodo-phenol 20099-14-3 C11H13I2NO2
    2-{[(E)-1-Hydroxymethyl-propylimino]-methyl}-4,6-diiodo-phenol
    —— α-<3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-phenylimino>-<1-methyl-pyrrolyl-(2)>-acetonitril 21553-28-6 C14H13N3O
    α-<3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-phenylimino>-<1-methyl-pyrrolyl-(2)>-acetonitril
    —— 4-Allyl-2-methoxy-6-pyrrolidinomethyl-phenol 1952-85-8 C15H21NO2
    4-Allyl-2-methoxy-6-pyrrolidinomethyl-phenol
    —— 5,17-bis(aminodiethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene 879885-78-6 C44H60N2O10P2
    5,17-bis(aminodiethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene
    —— 2-[((E)-But-2-enyl)oxy]-4-methoxy-phenol 92720-65-5 C11H14O3
    2-[((E)-But-2-enyl)oxy]-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol 927895-03-2 C29H32N4O6
    2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-((2-((3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one 137029-42-6 C14H16Br2N2O2
    4-((2-((3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one
    —— 1417884-09-3 C19H18Br2O6
    —— 2-(4-Methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-phenol 95081-74-6 C12H14O2
    2-(4-Methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 5-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-fluorophenol 1261894-03-4 C12H11FOS
    5-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-fluorophenol
    —— 3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-benzene)propanoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 873194-67-3 C13H17FO3
    3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-benzene)propanoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
    —— 4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol 1261963-61-4 C12H11NO3S
    4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(Nonyliminomethyl)phenol 890646-93-2 C16H25NO
    2-(Nonyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Butylamino-4.6-bis-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.3.5-triazin 1853-77-6 C19H20N4O4
    2-Butylamino-4.6-bis-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.3.5-triazin
    —— Phenol, 2-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)azo]-4,6-dinitro- 1658-57-7 C14H12N4O6
    Phenol, 2-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)azo]-4,6-dinitro-
    —— 4.6-dinitro-2-hydroxy-1.3-dimethyl-5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-benzene 99758-82-4 C12H16N2O5
    4.6-dinitro-2-hydroxy-1.3-dimethyl-5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-benzene
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-pentanone 123973-91-1 C12H16O3
    5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-pentanone
    —— 5-hydroxy-N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pentanohydrazide 574742-50-0 C12H16N2O3
    5-hydroxy-N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pentanohydrazide
    —— Ag(L5v)2CF3SO3 1190429-58-3 CF3O3S*C36H44AgN8O4
    Ag(L5v)2CF3SO3
    —— 3-[(Z)-14-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)tetradec-6-enyl]-5-methoxyphenol 1026658-04-7 C29H42O4
    3-[(Z)-14-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)tetradec-6-enyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(3-(3-[6'-(5-hydroxy-pent-1-ynyl)-[2,2']bipyridinyl-6-yl]-prop-2-ynyloxy)prop-1-ynyl)phenol 1357263-59-2 C27H22N2O3
    3-(3-(3-[6'-(5-hydroxy-pent-1-ynyl)-[2,2']bipyridinyl-6-yl]-prop-2-ynyloxy)prop-1-ynyl)phenol
    —— 2-Cyclopentyl-6-[3-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-propyl]-phenol 110723-71-2 C20H23FO2
    2-Cyclopentyl-6-[3-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-propyl]-phenol
    —— 1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-thiophenium; chloride 111082-40-7 C11H15O2S*Cl
    1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-thiophenium; chloride
    —— 1208323-96-9 C17H14N4O4S
    —— 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide 1285602-04-1 C15H16N4O3
    5-cyclopropyl-N-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide