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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methoxysalicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine 770747-21-2 C30H36N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methoxysalicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— 1-Hydroxy-3-isopropyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-guanidiniumchlorid 20809-51-2 C10H15N3O2*ClH
    1-Hydroxy-3-isopropyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-guanidiniumchlorid
    —— 1.7-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane 10365-19-2 C19H24O4
    1.7-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane
    —— N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline 1000414-96-9 C24H19Br2NO3
    N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline
    —— 5-bromo-2-((hydroxyimino)ethyl)-4-methylphenol 1345119-04-1 C9H10BrNO2
    5-bromo-2-((hydroxyimino)ethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide 402509-44-8 C17H17N5O3
    N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide
    —— 7230-29-7 (Name error) 7230-29-7 C24H38Cu2N4O6+2
    7230-29-7 (Name error)
    —— N-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)aminodihydroisoindole 79492-32-3 C15H14N2O
    N-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)aminodihydroisoindole
    —— 1.9-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)nonane 10365-26-1 C21H28O4
    1.9-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)nonane
    —— (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(1-methylcyclohexylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1020066-82-3 C19H22INO4S
    (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(1-methylcyclohexylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-methoxy-6-{[(thiophen-2-methyl)imino]methyl}phenol 104165-57-3 C13H13NO2S
    2-methoxy-6-{[(thiophen-2-methyl)imino]methyl}phenol
    —— 2-(1-morpholinooct-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1418311-16-6 C18H25NO2
    2-(1-morpholinooct-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Oxo-4-methyl-5-aethyliden-6-<4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydro-pyrimidin 101496-47-3 C15H20N2O2
    2-Oxo-4-methyl-5-aethyliden-6-<4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydro-pyrimidin
    —— 2-(2-Aminoethyliminomethyl)-4-methylphenol 101512-44-1 C10H14N2O
    2-(2-Aminoethyliminomethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylamide) 873401-46-8 C10H8N4O4S
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylamide)
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-benzoic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-p-tolylazo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 142274-55-3 C22H18N6O7
    3,5-Dinitro-benzoic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-p-tolylazo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— β,β'-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-α,α'-dimethylfuran 737-28-0 C18H16O3
    β,β'-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-α,α'-dimethylfuran
    —— 2-[(E)-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethylidene)amino]phenol 1449417-09-7 C10H9N3O
    2-[(E)-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethylidene)amino]phenol
    —— 4,6-dibromosalicylaldehyde azine 1410791-58-0 C14H8Br4N2O2
    4,6-dibromosalicylaldehyde azine
    —— 2,5-Didodecylphenol 1115234-59-7 C30H54O
    2,5-Didodecylphenol
    —— dithiosemicarbazone of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-butanedione 118450-18-3 C12H16N6OS2
    dithiosemicarbazone of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-butanedione
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1374575-87-7 C12H15BrO2Si
    4-bromo-2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglyoxime 65561-73-1 C8H8N2O4
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglyoxime
    —— 6-(5-thio-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methylphenol 1429183-55-0 C9H8N2O2S
    6-(5-thio-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 4-acetoxymethyl-1-{[(1S,4aS,8aS)-decahydro-2-methylene-5,5,8a-trimethylnaphthalen-1-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyloxy)benzene 1204405-08-2 C26H38O5
    4-acetoxymethyl-1-{[(1S,4aS,8aS)-decahydro-2-methylene-5,5,8a-trimethylnaphthalen-1-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyloxy)benzene
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-phenylamino-phenol 17654-17-0 C14H15NO
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-phenylamino-phenol
    —— 2-[3-(octylthio)propyl]phenol 17733-38-9 C17H28OS
    2-[3-(octylthio)propyl]phenol
    —— 4,5-bis(benzyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol 1227301-25-8 C20H18O4
    4,5-bis(benzyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— Salicylaldehyd-N,N-dimethylhydrazon 59244-19-8 C9H12N2O
    Salicylaldehyd-N,N-dimethylhydrazon
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-3'-hydroxybenzocycloheptan 51438-96-1 C13H18O
    3,3-Dimethyl-3'-hydroxybenzocycloheptan
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzenecarboximidothioate 115661-29-5 C9H11NO2S
    methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzenecarboximidothioate
    —— 1393826-46-4 C21H18N2O4
    —— 1569100-91-9 C16H25N3OS
    —— 4-[(2,4-diamino-6-propan-2-ylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 73576-15-5 C16H22N4O3
    4-[(2,4-diamino-6-propan-2-ylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-cyano-N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide 52541-09-0 C10H9N3O3
    2-cyano-N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— Phenol, 2-[5-(2-furanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]- 114333-43-6 C12H8N2O3
    Phenol, 2-[5-(2-furanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-
    —— N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3-hydroxy-6-iodophenylethylamine 171515-46-1 C10H9F3INO2
    N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3-hydroxy-6-iodophenylethylamine
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-fluorobenzyl) oxime 1377291-47-8 C14H10Br2FNO2
    3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-fluorobenzyl) oxime
    —— 1417884-10-6 C16H12Br2O4
    —— 3-Chloro-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1262002-23-2 C11H9ClOS
    3-Chloro-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— bis[di(butylaminoacetamidoethoxy)dihydroxy-tert-butylcalix[4]arene]dizinc dithiocarbamate complex 706780-73-6 C124H172N8O12S8Zn2
    bis[di(butylaminoacetamidoethoxy)dihydroxy-tert-butylcalix[4]arene]dizinc dithiocarbamate complex
    —— N-[N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine]-5-methoxysalicylaldimine 1293408-57-7 C16H28N2O5Si
    N-[N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine]-5-methoxysalicylaldimine
    —— 6,6'-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(2-methylphenol) 2639-41-0 C16H14N2O3
    6,6'-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(2-methylphenol)
    —— 6-vinylisoeugenol 1607447-03-9 C12H14O2
    6-vinylisoeugenol
    —— 5-Rhodanmethyl-o-vanillin 2973-66-2 C10H9NO3S
    5-Rhodanmethyl-o-vanillin
    —— N-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexanamide 208847-03-4 C13H17BrN2O2
    N-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexanamide
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-yn-1-yl)phenol 1644562-87-7 C16H14O2
    4-(1-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— Bis(5-chlorosalicylaldehyde oximato)nickel 14363-29-2 C14H12Cl2N2NiO4
    Bis(5-chlorosalicylaldehyde oximato)nickel
    —— (Z)-2-bromo-6-methoxy-3-(4-(trimethylsilyl)but-2-en-1-yl)phenol 1448888-93-4 C14H21BrO2Si
    (Z)-2-bromo-6-methoxy-3-(4-(trimethylsilyl)but-2-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 9-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-anhydrovilangin 14367-60-3 C41H54O8
    9-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-anhydrovilangin