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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— α-<3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-phenylimino>-<pyridyl-(3)>-acetonitril 21553-30-0 C14H11N3O
    α-<3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-phenylimino>-<pyridyl-(3)>-acetonitril
    —— 3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-octanol-(3) 6565-76-0 C16H26O3
    3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-octanol-(3)
    —— 3-Oxo-5-(4-brom-phenylimino)-4-(4-brom-phenyl)-2-<N,N'-bis-(4-brom-phenyl)-amidino>-1,2,4-triazolidin 20167-72-0 C27H18Br4N6O
    3-Oxo-5-(4-brom-phenylimino)-4-(4-brom-phenyl)-2-<N,N'-bis-(4-brom-phenyl)-amidino>-1,2,4-triazolidin
    —— 4-<(2-<Methylthio>ethyl)thio>-3,5-xylolol 37708-31-9 C11H16OS2
    4-<(2-<Methylthio>ethyl)thio>-3,5-xylolol
    —— 4-chloro-2-ethylideneamino-5-nitro-phenol 53088-04-3 C8H7ClN2O3
    4-chloro-2-ethylideneamino-5-nitro-phenol
    —— methyl t-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carboxylate 877153-46-3 C14H18O5
    methyl t-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carboxylate
    —— potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-5-(4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutyl)-6-methylphenyl sulfate 104016-74-2 C15H21O9S*K
    potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-5-(4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutyl)-6-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— 5-[1-[(1Z)-1-hexenyl]cyclopropyl]resorcinol 951039-93-3 C15H20O2
    5-[1-[(1Z)-1-hexenyl]cyclopropyl]resorcinol
    —— (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)6-methoxyphenol 1429629-04-8 C10H11N3O2
    (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[1-hydroxy-1-(2-propynyl)-3-butynyl]phenol 953780-74-0 C13H12O2
    2-[1-hydroxy-1-(2-propynyl)-3-butynyl]phenol
    —— 1,3-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-7-[2-[6-(2-phenylethoxy)hexyl]aminoethyl]-2H-benzimidazol-2-one hydrochloride 143455-09-8 C23H31N3O3*ClH
    1,3-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-7-[2-[6-(2-phenylethoxy)hexyl]aminoethyl]-2H-benzimidazol-2-one hydrochloride
    —— dimethyl 2,2'-(((((2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(cyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioate) 140235-57-0 C27H36N4OS4
    dimethyl 2,2'-(((((2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(cyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioate)
    —— 2,5-di-ethyl-4-[(trimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-33-9 C14H24OSSi
    2,5-di-ethyl-4-[(trimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-benzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine 1380074-85-0 C23H19N3O3S
    N<sup>1</sup>-benzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine
    —— 1-[4-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-ethanone 443142-95-8 C15H19NO2
    1-[4-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 1258500-71-8 C28H48O2Si
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-p-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone) 382141-99-3 C23H20Cl2N6OS2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-p-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— [(E)-1-Fluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-but-1-enyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 209120-24-1 C14H20FO4P
    [(E)-1-Fluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-but-1-enyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— [1-Fluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-butyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 209120-23-0 C14H22FO4P
    [1-Fluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-butyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 9-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione 1354648-75-1 C19H17BrO4
    9-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione
    —— 4,4'-oxazolidine-2,5'-diyl-bis-phenol 57083-71-3 C15H15NO3
    4,4'-oxazolidine-2,5'-diyl-bis-phenol
    —— 2,4-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-6-nitro-phenol triethylammonium salt 50563-76-3 C6H15N*C8H3F6NO3
    2,4-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-6-nitro-phenol triethylammonium salt
    —— 3-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-β-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl-propionamid 14897-80-4 C27H31NO6
    3-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-β-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl-propionamid
    —— 4-ethoxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,6-dimethylphenol 1579996-38-5 C13H20O3
    4-ethoxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-Morpholinomethyl-6-methoxy-4-acetamino-phenol 13885-92-2 C14H20N2O4
    2-Morpholinomethyl-6-methoxy-4-acetamino-phenol
    —— 2-(((3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)imino)methyl)phenol 471933-91-2 C13H15N3O
    2-(((3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-(((1-phenylethylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol 1027629-83-9 C15H14N2O
    2-(((1-phenylethylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol
    —— N,N-di(2-hydroxybenzyl)formamide 1413932-75-8 C15H15NO3
    N,N-di(2-hydroxybenzyl)formamide
    —— (3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsonic acid 857628-62-7 C6H6AsClO4
    (3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— 2-Nitro-4-[[(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)hydrazo]methylidene]-1-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone 6348-53-4 C16H12N4O3S
    2-Nitro-4-[[(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)hydrazo]methylidene]-1-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone
    —— 4-(2-(hex-1-en-2-yl)cyclobut-2-enyl)phenol 1007605-61-9 C16H20O
    4-(2-(hex-1-en-2-yl)cyclobut-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-Methyl-4,6-bis(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexylsulfanylmethyl)phenol 960326-99-2 C21H18F18OS2
    2-Methyl-4,6-bis(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexylsulfanylmethyl)phenol
    —— 5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-hexylthiosemicarbazon 19015-27-1 C16H25N3O2S
    5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-hexylthiosemicarbazon
    —— O-(p-chlorobenzyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethylene) hydroxylamine 147353-71-7 C13H11ClN2O2
    O-(p-chlorobenzyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethylene) hydroxylamine
    —— 6-methoxy-2-(3-pyridylmethyliminomethyl)phenol 1095340-48-9 C14H14N2O2
    6-methoxy-2-(3-pyridylmethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-allylphenyl)-2-oxazoline 145191-42-0 C12H13NO2
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-allylphenyl)-2-oxazoline
    —— N-Methansulfonyl-N-<3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl>-β-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-aethylamin 22231-51-2 C18H23NO6S
    N-Methansulfonyl-N-<3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl>-β-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-aethylamin
    —— N-benzyl-N-((1r,4r)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-phenylpropanamide 370860-86-9 C28H31NO2
    N-benzyl-N-((1r,4r)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-phenylpropanamide
    —— 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol 19822-33-4 C7H3F3N2O7S
    2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenol
    —— N-(o-Hydroxy-benzyl)-N-(Δ<sup>1</sup>-cyclohexenyl)-acetamid 14723-41-2 C15H19NO2
    N-(o-Hydroxy-benzyl)-N-(Δ<sup>1</sup>-cyclohexenyl)-acetamid
    —— (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 400873-01-0 C11H11N3O3S
    (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetraiodo-phenol 89465-93-0 C6H2I4O
    2,3,4,5-tetraiodo-phenol
    —— N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]tetradecanamide 881402-94-4 C21H34N2O2
    N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]tetradecanamide
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylbenzene-1,2-diol 1192659-14-5 C15H22O4
    4-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— acetic acid-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitro-anilide) 861567-50-2 C9H10N2O5
    acetic acid-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitro-anilide)
    —— <1,1-(2)H2>-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-3-bromo-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methylphenol 105103-94-4 C14H17BrO3
    <1,1-(2)H2>-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-3-bromo-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 2:1 N-methylpyrrolidinone-catechol complex 79492-98-1 2C5H9NO*C6H6O2
    2:1 N-methylpyrrolidinone-catechol complex
    —— methyl (E)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-enoate 387400-88-6 C11H12O4
    methyl (E)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-enoate
    —— N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)acetamide 1447160-31-7 C16H16ClNO4
    N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— naphthalene 2,4-dinitrophenol 76519-52-3 C6H4N2O5*C10H8
    naphthalene 2,4-dinitrophenol