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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-pyrazolidinedione 108128-40-1 C9H8N2O3
    1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-pyrazolidinedione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(methylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181081-38-8 C11H10N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(methylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (RS)-ethoxy-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid 701263-64-1 C11H14O5
    (RS)-ethoxy-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 2,4,6-triiodo-3-nitro-phenol 89465-92-9 C6H2I3NO3
    2,4,6-triiodo-3-nitro-phenol
    —— 15,35,55,75,95,115,135,155-octa-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15(1,3)-octabenzenacyclohexadecaphan-12,32,52,72,92,112,132,152-octaol compound with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1:1) 138847-22-0 C9H19N*C88H112O8
    15,35,55,75,95,115,135,155-octa-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15(1,3)-octabenzenacyclohexadecaphan-12,32,52,72,92,112,132,152-octaol compound with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1:1)
    —— 2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-acetamide; compound with 2-amino-ethanol 21812-93-1 C2H7NO*C9H10N4O6
    2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-acetamide; compound with 2-amino-ethanol
    —— 4-(1-Butyl-hexyl)-2,6-dinitro-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine 17473-62-0 C6H13N*C16H24N2O5
    4-(1-Butyl-hexyl)-2,6-dinitro-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine
    —— 4-(2-octyloxyethyl)phenol 1327337-46-1 C16H26O2
    4-(2-octyloxyethyl)phenol
    —— (2,4-bis((2,4-dihydroxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)boronic acid 1416159-05-1 C20H19BO8
    (2,4-bis((2,4-dihydroxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)boronic acid
    —— 2-(Cyclohexyliminomethyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4-prop-2-enylphenol 1072104-30-3 C25H29NO2
    2-(Cyclohexyliminomethyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-(((S)-4-methylpentane-1,2-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol 133603-83-5 C20H24N2O2
    2,2'-((1E,1'E)-(((S)-4-methylpentane-1,2-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-6-oxo-cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester 110047-52-4 C19H22O6
    2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-6-oxo-cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-5-nitro-phenyl)-3-methyl-butyric acid 40662-11-1 C14H19NO5
    3-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-5-nitro-phenyl)-3-methyl-butyric acid
    —— α-methyl-3-bromo-5-nitro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde 116485-91-7 C10H8BrNO4
    α-methyl-3-bromo-5-nitro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    —— N,N'-bis(3-Br-5-NO2-salicylidene)-1,2-diimino-2,2-dimethylethane 874274-52-9 C18H16Br2N4O6
    N,N'-bis(3-Br-5-NO2-salicylidene)-1,2-diimino-2,2-dimethylethane
    —— Orcilaldehyd 4-butylthiosemicarbazon 21236-04-4 C13H19N3O2S
    Orcilaldehyd 4-butylthiosemicarbazon
    —— (S)-N1-(5-(7-((S)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanamido)heptylamino)pentyl)-2-(2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamido)succinamide 1209468-56-3 C30H53N9O6
    (S)-N1-(5-(7-((S)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanamido)heptylamino)pentyl)-2-(2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamido)succinamide
    —— 2-(4,4-dimethyloxazolin-2-yl)-4-iodophenol 921601-30-1 C11H12INO2
    2-(4,4-dimethyloxazolin-2-yl)-4-iodophenol
    —— [3,3']-[4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylenebis(iminomethylidene)bis(2,4-pentanedion)] 1232838-55-9 C18H20N2O6
    [3,3']-[4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylenebis(iminomethylidene)bis(2,4-pentanedion)]
    —— 41377-93-9 C16H14N4O4S
    —— 6-methoxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyliminomethyl)phenol 159663-63-5 C14H14N2O2
    6-methoxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2,2-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-malonic acid bis-(2-dodecylsulfanyl-ethyl) ester 39252-39-6 C49H80O6S2
    2,2-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-malonic acid bis-(2-dodecylsulfanyl-ethyl) ester
    —— tetrahydroxy-p-bromobenzene 102964-38-5 C6H4Br2O4
    tetrahydroxy-p-bromobenzene
    —— 4-Chloro-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol 35052-11-0 C12H17ClO3
    4-Chloro-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-benzyl-5-methoxysalicylthioamide 1132646-29-7 C15H15NO2S
    N-benzyl-5-methoxysalicylthioamide
    —— 2-[2-(2-Amino-ethyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl]-6-methoxy-3H-inden-5-ol 39595-84-1 C20H23NO4
    2-[2-(2-Amino-ethyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl]-6-methoxy-3H-inden-5-ol
    —— N-[(1-ethyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 276703-64-1 C13H18ClN3O5S
    N-[(1-ethyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— 3,3'-diallyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2'-thioxo-dihydro-[2,5']bithiazolylidene-4,4'-dione 3730-51-6 C19H16N2O3S3
    3,3'-diallyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2'-thioxo-dihydro-[2,5']bithiazolylidene-4,4'-dione
    —— 4789-96-2 C7H5BrINO2
    —— 3-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7,7-trimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3,4-oxadiazepine 84646-17-3 C17H26N2O2
    3-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7,7-trimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3,4-oxadiazepine
    —— (S)-(12-bromo[2.2]paracyclophan-4-yl) diallylborinate 1114975-13-1 C22H24BBrO
    (S)-(12-bromo[2.2]paracyclophan-4-yl) diallylborinate
    —— N-(3-methoxysalicylidene)-o-aminobenzyl alcohol 1093458-62-8 C15H15NO3
    N-(3-methoxysalicylidene)-o-aminobenzyl alcohol
    —— 4-Nitro-2-{[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-phenol 74661-85-1 C13H10N2O3
    4-Nitro-2-{[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-phenol
    —— N-Benzyl-N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N'-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-N'-methyl-ethane-1,2-diamine; compound with picric acid 105819-12-3 C6H3N3O7*C21H25ClN4
    N-Benzyl-N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N'-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-N'-methyl-ethane-1,2-diamine; compound with picric acid
    —— 4-allyloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol 109297-47-4 C9H6Cl4O2
    4-allyloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
    —— 3,5-Dibrom-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylchlorid 16867-89-3 C9H3Br2ClF6O
    3,5-Dibrom-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylchlorid
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{1-[(Z)-4-methoxy-phenylimino]-ethyl}-6-nitro-phenol 112932-72-6 C15H13ClN2O4
    4-Chloro-2-{1-[(Z)-4-methoxy-phenylimino]-ethyl}-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-[1-Bromo-3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 102867-12-9 C17H19BrO5
    4-[1-Bromo-3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 6,6'-[(1,2-Diphenylethene-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediylmethanylylidene)]bis(4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one)--oxovanadium (1/1) 7238-54-2 C30H26N2O5V
    6,6'-[(1,2-Diphenylethene-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediylmethanylylidene)]bis(4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one)--oxovanadium (1/1)
    —— [Ag(N3C2(NCHC6H4OH)2)(triphenylphosphine)]2 1032763-75-9 C68H54Ag2N10O4P2
    [Ag(N3C2(NCHC6H4OH)2)(triphenylphosphine)]2
    —— 2-(1-(3-aminopropylimino)ethyl)phenol 433940-68-2 C11H16N2O
    2-(1-(3-aminopropylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 1010800-82-4 C12H14N2O3
    6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— (4-hydroxyphenylimino)pyridin-3-ylacetonitrile 477935-06-1 C13H9N3O
    (4-hydroxyphenylimino)pyridin-3-ylacetonitrile
    —— 2-(5-phenyldisulfanyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1402734-83-1 C14H10N2OS3
    2-(5-phenyldisulfanyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzylium 170936-70-6 C9H11O
    4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzylium
    —— Dobutamine L-tartrate 104564-74-1 C22H29NO9
    Dobutamine L-tartrate
    —— 2,3-Dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1487353-47-8 C14H21BO3
    2,3-Dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-((2-morpholinocyclopent-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)phenol 1082484-13-6 C16H19NO2
    4-((2-morpholinocyclopent-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-<2-Hydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl>-propionamid 13899-46-2 C10H13NO2
    3-<2-Hydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl>-propionamid
    —— 1-<N-<(1-acetoxyethoxy)carbonyl>-N-isopropylamino>-3-<p-(cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy>-2-propanol 101623-77-2 C23H35NO7
    1-<N-<(1-acetoxyethoxy)carbonyl>-N-isopropylamino>-3-<p-(cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy>-2-propanol