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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 99783-15-0 2C6H2N3O7*C12H24CuS6
    —— 3-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethynyl]-2,3-dihexoxyphenyl]ethynyl]benzene-1,2-diol 1444011-04-4 C34H38O6
    3-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethynyl]-2,3-dihexoxyphenyl]ethynyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one 33268-82-5 C19H17NO4
    1-(2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one
    —— α-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylnitron 16089-75-1 C8H9NO2
    α-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylnitron
    —— 5-Bromo-2-butyl-4-chloro-phenol 52016-81-6 C10H12BrClO
    5-Bromo-2-butyl-4-chloro-phenol
    —— 4-[Dibromo-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-lambda4-tellanyl]phenol 78823-99-1 C12H10Br2O2Te
    4-[Dibromo-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-lambda4-tellanyl]phenol
    —— 34269-70-0 C21H22N4O3S
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid ethylamide 647016-97-5 C9H10N2O4
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid ethylamide
    —— trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styrol-ω-sulfonsaeure-methylester 19826-67-6 C10H12O5S
    trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styrol-ω-sulfonsaeure-methylester
    —— 3-benzyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole 1158558-22-5 C16H15NO2
    3-benzyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole
    —— 2'-Hydroxy-3'-methylbenzaldehyd-5-chlor-2-methylanil 34800-96-9 C15H14ClNO
    2'-Hydroxy-3'-methylbenzaldehyd-5-chlor-2-methylanil
    —— 2-(<sup>14</sup>C)-Hordenin 38574-95-7 C10H15NO
    2-(<sup>14</sup>C)-Hordenin
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-arsonic acid 861785-43-5 C7H9AsO5
    (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl acetate 1360054-23-4 C14H18O4
    (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl acetate
    —— 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone 378780-60-0 C12H12N4O4
    2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone
    —— N-allyl-N-(3-hydroxyphenethyl)-P,P-diphenylphosphinic amide 1446310-03-7 C23H24NO2P
    N-allyl-N-(3-hydroxyphenethyl)-P,P-diphenylphosphinic amide
    —— 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)asym-triazine 111336-64-2 C9H7N3O
    3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)asym-triazine
    —— N1-[2-methoxy-5-(3-methylfuroxan-4-yl)phenyl]-N2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyliden)-hydrazine 1325726-37-1 C18H18N4O5
    N1-[2-methoxy-5-(3-methylfuroxan-4-yl)phenyl]-N2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyliden)-hydrazine
    —— 3-chlorophen-5-d-ol 74383-31-6 C6H5ClO
    3-chlorophen-5-d-ol
    —— 4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 1189315-62-5 C14H14N6O2S
    4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 2,3,4,6-Tetramethyl-5-thiomethoxymethyl-phenol 16261-88-4 C12H18OS
    2,3,4,6-Tetramethyl-5-thiomethoxymethyl-phenol
    —— 4-(3-Ethoxypropyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1012310-03-0 C11H16O3
    4-(3-Ethoxypropyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(Cyclobutylamino)-3-nitrophenol 1190631-52-7 C10H12N2O3
    4-(Cyclobutylamino)-3-nitrophenol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2'-(1-indanyl)imidazoline HBr 102034-90-2 BrH*C12H14N2O
    5-Hydroxy-2'-(1-indanyl)imidazoline HBr
    —— 1,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)cyclopentane 208344-50-7 C21H26O2
    1,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)cyclopentane
    —— 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone 378780-58-6 C12H12N4O3
    2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone
    —— 4-benzenesulfonyl-3-methoxy-phenol 102827-46-3 C13H12O4S
    4-benzenesulfonyl-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— (E)-2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyzimtsaeurenitril 71750-11-3 C10H9NO2
    (E)-2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyzimtsaeurenitril
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyl-pentyl)-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine 4095-57-2 C6H13N*C14H20N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyl-pentyl)-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine
    —— diphenyl[N,N'-bis(salicaldehyde)-1,3-propylenediiminato]tin(IV) 251479-26-2 C29H26N2O2Sn
    diphenyl[N,N'-bis(salicaldehyde)-1,3-propylenediiminato]tin(IV)
    —— (Z)-N-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine oxide 49779-03-5 C9H11NO2
    (Z)-N-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine oxide
    —— 2-[(Z)-2-chloro-2-nitroethenyl]-4-nitrophenol 117672-30-7 C8H5ClN2O5
    2-[(Z)-2-chloro-2-nitroethenyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-as-triazine 16280-68-5 C14H10N4O
    3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-as-triazine
    —— (E)-3-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid 1381771-94-3 C15H13NO4
    (E)-3-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid
    —— 6,6'-[Cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanediylmethanylylidene)]di(cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one)--cobalt (1/1) 7231-74-5 C20H22CoN2O2
    6,6'-[Cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanediylmethanylylidene)]di(cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one)--cobalt (1/1)
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-pentyl-hexyl)-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine 17473-67-5 C6H13N*C17H26N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-pentyl-hexyl)-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4.5-dimethoxyphenethylamin-<sup>3</sup>H 46274-25-3 C10H15NO3
    3-Hydroxy-4.5-dimethoxyphenethylamin-<sup>3</sup>H
    —— 3-(Furan-2-yl)-5-thiophen-2-ylphenol 98124-37-9 C14H10O2S
    3-(Furan-2-yl)-5-thiophen-2-ylphenol
    —— (5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1000392-68-6 C13H18BrNO3
    (5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [Cu2I2(μ-S-salicylaldehyde N-methyl thiosemicarbazone)2(triphenylphosphine)2]*CH3CN 1173720-53-0 C2H3N*C54H52Cu2I2N6O2P2S2
    [Cu2I2(μ-S-salicylaldehyde N-methyl thiosemicarbazone)2(triphenylphosphine)2]*CH3CN
    —— 92551-37-6 C15H15ClN2O2
    —— 4-hydroxy-N,2,3-trimethylbenzenecarbothioamide 120951-45-3 C10H13NOS
    4-hydroxy-N,2,3-trimethylbenzenecarbothioamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(2-methyl-cyclohexen-(1)-yl)-benzene 859979-01-4 C14H18O2
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(2-methyl-cyclohexen-(1)-yl)-benzene
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzal-3-toluidine 90334-56-8 C15H15NO2
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzal-3-toluidine
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1227741-03-8 C20H23NO7
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-(5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 6-{[2-(Hydroxymethyl)anilino]methylidene}-3-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 71132-89-3 C15H15NO3
    6-{[2-(Hydroxymethyl)anilino]methylidene}-3-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{[(Z)-2-dodecylsulfanyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 95000-87-6 C21H34ClNOS
    4-Chloro-2-{[(Z)-2-dodecylsulfanyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid diisobutyl ester 36971-35-4 C15H24BrO5P
    [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid diisobutyl ester
    —— 3-chloro-1,1-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-butane 854669-64-0 C20H25ClO2
    3-chloro-1,1-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-butane
    —— Coniferylalkohol-1,1,2-d3 28335-49-1 C10H12O3
    Coniferylalkohol-1,1,2-d3