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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(E)-[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol 143628-73-3 C15H14N2O2
    2-[(E)-[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2-amino-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl)-4-methylphenol 75793-92-9 C17H16N2OS
    2-(2-amino-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl)-4-methylphenol
    —— Ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)benzeneacetate 91920-67-1 C14H15NO3S
    Ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)benzeneacetate
    —— 4-Fluoro-2-[(2-propynoxyimino)methyl]phenol 103743-19-7 C10H8FNO2
    4-Fluoro-2-[(2-propynoxyimino)methyl]phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetate 765302-61-2 C12H16O4
    ethyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetate
    —— N-(4'-benzyloxy-3'-methoxyphenylethyl)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 892805-32-2 C25H26BrNO5
    N-(4'-benzyloxy-3'-methoxyphenylethyl)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— tert-butyl (4R)-4-[(R)-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-hydroxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 116079-45-9 C32H55NO6
    tert-butyl (4R)-4-[(R)-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-hydroxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— 6-(1,2-Dimethylbutyl)-2,4-dinitrophenol 19165-90-3 C12H16N2O5
    6-(1,2-Dimethylbutyl)-2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— N-<3,5-Dinitro-2-hydroxy-benzyliden>-p-phenetidin 4487-69-8 C15H13N3O6
    N-<3,5-Dinitro-2-hydroxy-benzyliden>-p-phenetidin
    —— (E)-methyl 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate 1314789-34-8 C10H10ClNO4
    (E)-methyl 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate
    —— 4-(1-methyl-1-p-xylylcyclobutane-3-yl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzolidenehydrazino)thiazole 588710-16-1 C23H24BrN3OS
    4-(1-methyl-1-p-xylylcyclobutane-3-yl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzolidenehydrazino)thiazole
    —— (E)-2-(3-azido-3-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 1429629-10-6 C12H15N3O2
    (E)-2-(3-azido-3-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— S-[2-benzyl-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylamino]-3-oxopropyl] ethanethioate 122410-25-7 C19H21NO4S
    S-[2-benzyl-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylamino]-3-oxopropyl] ethanethioate
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-hydroquinone 22811-73-0 C6H10N4O2
    2,3,5,6-tetraamino-hydroquinone
    —— 5,11,17-trimethyl-23-[8-(25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-11,17,23-trimethyl-5-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaenyl)octyl]pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 124028-44-0 C70H74O8
    5,11,17-trimethyl-23-[8-(25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-11,17,23-trimethyl-5-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaenyl)octyl]pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— 3-[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxy-benzylideneamino)-cyclohexyl]-1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide 1094598-52-3 Br*C25H30N3O
    3-[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxy-benzylideneamino)-cyclohexyl]-1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide
    —— 2-Brom-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1,3-dion 7295-31-0 C10H9BrO4
    2-Brom-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1,3-dion
    —— S-methyl-β-N(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate 147951-58-4 C10H12N2OS2
    S-methyl-β-N(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid 164171-53-3 C11H9NO4
    5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid
    —— 2-Methyl-6-(propan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol 117364-91-7 C11H15NO
    2-Methyl-6-(propan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-pent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester 110189-70-3 C15H18O4
    2-[1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-pent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-Nitro-4-(p-Chlorphenylsulfonyl)-phenol 42800-26-0 C12H8ClNO5S
    2-Nitro-4-(p-Chlorphenylsulfonyl)-phenol
    —— (R)-1-(tert-butyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-phosphindole 1-oxide 1477517-30-8 C12H17O2P
    (R)-1-(tert-butyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-phosphindole 1-oxide
    —— 2-[2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3H-inden-1-yl]-furan-3-carbonitrile 1019985-42-2 C21H13F2NO3
    2-[2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3H-inden-1-yl]-furan-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2-ethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol 188907-02-0 C11H15ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2-ethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propoxy)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenol 76167-06-1 C13H21NO4
    4-(2-Hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propoxy)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenol
    —— ethyl [(4-chloro-3-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate 672931-42-9 C11H13ClO3S
    ethyl [(4-chloro-3-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate
    —— 3-(benzyloxy)-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-iodophenoxy]propan-1-ol 686780-28-9 C18H21IO4
    3-(benzyloxy)-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-iodophenoxy]propan-1-ol
    —— 1177388-23-6 C25H30O2S
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-diisopropyl-2-methoxyethene 172024-42-9 C15H22O2
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-diisopropyl-2-methoxyethene
    —— 2-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexan-1-one 193208-97-8 C14H16O3
    2-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexan-1-one
    —— 2-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenylthio)-1,3,2-benzoxathiaphosphole 77065-46-4 C20H25O2PS2
    2-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenylthio)-1,3,2-benzoxathiaphosphole
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 117103-10-3 C6H3N3O7*C13H15NO2
    Picric acid; compound with 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenol 1613299-20-9 C18H19NO2
    5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-isophthaldialdehyd-dioxim 10209-58-2 C9H10N2O4
    2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-isophthaldialdehyd-dioxim
    —— 1-(tert-butyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-phosphindole 1-oxide 1477517-29-5 C12H17O2P
    1-(tert-butyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-phosphindole 1-oxide
    —— (2R,3R)-2-formylamino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol 129413-12-3 C10H13NO4
    (2R,3R)-2-formylamino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol
    —— 4-Chloro-phenol; compound with piperazine 93017-67-5 C4H10N2*C6H5ClO
    4-Chloro-phenol; compound with piperazine
    —— 4-{[1-(2-Ethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazonomethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 19736-21-1 C16H17N3O2
    4-{[1-(2-Ethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazonomethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-(3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl)salicylaldimine 172922-28-0 C14H16N2O
    N-(3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl)salicylaldimine
    —— 2-ethoxy-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1574215-75-0 C10H14O3
    2-ethoxy-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 1-(4-(iodomethyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)pyrrolidin-1-ium iodide 1160429-27-5 C8H13INS2*I
    1-(4-(iodomethyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)pyrrolidin-1-ium iodide
    —— 2-[1'-(4'-(2''-pyridyl)-2'-thiabutyl)]-4-methoxyphenol 956252-25-8 C15H17NO2S
    2-[1'-(4'-(2''-pyridyl)-2'-thiabutyl)]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (2-butoxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzene 54829-49-1 C13H20O2
    (2-butoxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzene
    —— 4-Dodecylsulfanyl-3-nitro-phenol 798-99-2 C18H29NO3S
    4-Dodecylsulfanyl-3-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbut-2-en-1-one 97911-29-0 C11H12O3
    1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbut-2-en-1-one
    —— 1384118-57-3 C24H32LaN7O6
    —— 1374852-58-0 C21H18N2O2
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(4-aminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-48-3 C18H25NOSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(4-aminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— (E)-2-(1-ethyl-5-methylhex-2-enyl)phenol 87512-61-6 C15H22O
    (E)-2-(1-ethyl-5-methylhex-2-enyl)phenol