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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6,6'-(1E,1'E)-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2,4-diiodophenol) 1088976-74-2 C17H14I4N2O2
    6,6'-(1E,1'E)-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2,4-diiodophenol)
    —— 30840-48-3 C23H30N2O6
    —— 4-(4,5-Dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-2-ethyl-phenol; hydrochloride 105639-21-2 C11H13NO2*ClH
    4-(4,5-Dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-2-ethyl-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— (+/-)-trans-tetrahydro-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2H-pyran-4-ol hydrochloride 132630-74-1 C14H21NO3*ClH
    (+/-)-trans-tetrahydro-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2H-pyran-4-ol hydrochloride
    —— tris(acetamido)phloroglucinol 146764-44-5 C12H15N3O6
    tris(acetamido)phloroglucinol
    —— 1397495-77-0 C14H16O5
    —— N-Formyl-<sup>14</sup>C-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenaethylamin-α,β-<sup>3</sup>H 35145-00-7 C11H15NO4
    N-Formyl-<sup>14</sup>C-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenaethylamin-α,β-<sup>3</sup>H
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-6-phenyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 40188-96-3 C21H19NO6
    4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-6-phenyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1398573-43-7 C48H86BrNO4
    —— 4-<2-<<3-(2-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl>amino>ethoxy>phenol 67333-00-0 C18H20N2O4
    4-<2-<<3-(2-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl>amino>ethoxy>phenol
    —— 6,6',6''-((((((2,4,6-trimethoxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(methylazanediyl))tris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(azaneylylidene))tris(methaneylylidene))tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) 1445947-53-4 C66H102N6O6
    6,6',6''-((((((2,4,6-trimethoxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(methylazanediyl))tris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(azaneylylidene))tris(methaneylylidene))tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)
    —— N'-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)hexadecanohydrazide 881664-02-4 C23H38N2O3
    N'-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)hexadecanohydrazide
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamino)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1598417-55-0 C18H28N2O4
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamino)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-Methyl-6-(1,1,3,3-tetrafluor-1,3-dichlor-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-phenol 2017-39-2 C10H8Cl2F4O2
    3-Methyl-6-(1,1,3,3-tetrafluor-1,3-dichlor-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-phenol
    —— 1-(4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1575728-65-2 C22H17ClN4O3
    1-(4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-phenol 52016-79-2 C8H8BrClO
    5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-phenol
    —— o-hydroxy acetophenone tetramethylenediimine 87046-62-6 C20H24N2O2
    o-hydroxy acetophenone tetramethylenediimine
    —— 15,35,55,75,95,115,135,155-octa-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15(1,3)-octabenzenacyclohexadecaphan-12,32,52,72,92,112,132,152-octaol compound with cyclohexanamine (1:1) 138847-21-9 C6H13N*C88H112O8
    15,35,55,75,95,115,135,155-octa-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15(1,3)-octabenzenacyclohexadecaphan-12,32,52,72,92,112,132,152-octaol compound with cyclohexanamine (1:1)
    —— 2,3'-oxazolidine-2,5'-diyl-bis-phenol 57083-76-8 C15H15NO3
    2,3'-oxazolidine-2,5'-diyl-bis-phenol
    —— 4-Carbamimidoylmercapto-2-methyl-phenol 46117-86-6 C8H10N2OS
    4-Carbamimidoylmercapto-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-{[(Z)-2-Dodecylsulfanyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 95808-09-6 C22H37NO2S
    2-{[(Z)-2-Dodecylsulfanyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-((E)-((E)-3-phenylallylidene)amino)phenol 1187781-21-0 C16H15NO
    5-methyl-2-((E)-((E)-3-phenylallylidene)amino)phenol
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-aminocyclopropyl)-6-bromo-3,5-difluoro- 1314749-36-4 C9H8BrF2NO
    Phenol, 2-(1-aminocyclopropyl)-6-bromo-3,5-difluoro-
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-N-phenyl-thiobenzamide 120951-54-4 C15H15NOS
    4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-N-phenyl-thiobenzamide
    —— 3-Hydroxyethyl-4-nitrophenol 448193-01-9 C8H9NO4
    3-Hydroxyethyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3,5-di(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one 444315-49-5 C19H18O3
    3,5-di(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 4,6-bis-(1-hydroxyimino-ethyl)-resorcinol 125482-22-6 C10H12N2O4
    4,6-bis-(1-hydroxyimino-ethyl)-resorcinol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-61-0 C14H12F2N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— O,O-Diaethyl-1-(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butenylphosphonat 40468-41-5 C14H20BrO5P
    O,O-Diaethyl-1-(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butenylphosphonat
    —— 5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(8-(hydroxyamino)-8-oxooctyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide 1012056-29-9 C25H28ClN3O7
    5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(8-(hydroxyamino)-8-oxooctyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 4-bromo-2-(((3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)propyl)imino)methyl)phenol 1092652-64-6 C17H17BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-(((3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)propyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5,5'-bis-(3,6-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,3'-p-phenylenedimethyl-bis-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 63943-78-2 C28H16Br4N2O6S2
    5,5'-bis-(3,6-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,3'-p-phenylenedimethyl-bis-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol bis(2-furanthiocarboxyhydrazone) 459132-71-9 C19H16N4O3S2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol bis(2-furanthiocarboxyhydrazone)
    —— 4-(5-(2-(diethylamino)-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-ethyl-6-methylphenol 1062671-19-5 C21H26N4O2
    4-(5-(2-(diethylamino)-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-ethyl-6-methylphenol
    —— (S)-N-(3-{3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2-diaza-benzo[e]azulen-8-yl}-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-acetamide 741723-19-3 C26H29N5O4
    (S)-N-(3-{3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2-diaza-benzo[e]azulen-8-yl}-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-acetamide
    —— Dimethyl-1,2 hydroxy-1 pyrazolidin pikrat 73332-67-9 C5H12N2O*C6H3N3O7
    Dimethyl-1,2 hydroxy-1 pyrazolidin pikrat
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carbonyl)-3-nitrobenzonitrile 1202894-79-8 C13H9N3O6
    4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carbonyl)-3-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— 2-[cycloheptyl(pentafluorophenylimino)methyl]-4,6-dimethylphenol 1020207-98-0 C22H22F5NO
    2-[cycloheptyl(pentafluorophenylimino)methyl]-4,6-dimethylphenol
    —— Phenol, 4-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-pyridinyl)-, trans- 108332-82-7 C14H19NO
    Phenol, 4-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-pyridinyl)-, trans-
    —— 1398573-42-6 C36H62BrNO4
    —— 2-Ethynyl-3-fluorophenol 1121583-53-6 C8H5FO
    2-Ethynyl-3-fluorophenol
    —— 1054565-77-3 C14H14BrFN4O
    —— 1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexa-2,4-diin-1-ol 100397-05-5 C13H12O3
    1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexa-2,4-diin-1-ol
    —— 2-(N-cyanoimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) thiazolidin-4-one 176529-74-1 C12H9N3O3S
    2-(N-cyanoimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 30840-45-0 C17H18N2O6
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methyl-acetophenone anil 112932-55-5 C15H14N2O3
    2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methyl-acetophenone anil
    —— N.N-dibenzyl-isopicramic acid 871900-50-4 C20H17N3O5
    N.N-dibenzyl-isopicramic acid
    —— cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione;2,3,5-trimethylbenzene-1,4-diol 109968-60-7 C6H4O2*C9H12O2
    cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione;2,3,5-trimethylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-Octylamino-4.6-bis-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.3.5-triazin 1853-83-4 C23H28N4O4
    2-Octylamino-4.6-bis-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.3.5-triazin
    —— 4,5'-Bistrifluoromethyl-2'-hydroxy-2-nitrodiphenylamine 146828-22-0 C14H8F6N2O3
    4,5'-Bistrifluoromethyl-2'-hydroxy-2-nitrodiphenylamine