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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(2-Butyl-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-heptan-2-one 66761-68-0 C17H26O3
    1-(2-Butyl-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-heptan-2-one
    —— 4-allyl-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol 1254772-40-1 C9H9NO4
    4-allyl-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 859170-76-6 C11H16O3S
    —— 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile 79623-34-0 C11H13NO3
    3-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile
    —— 7-hydroxy-4-p-hydroxybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol 79754-54-4 C17H18O3
    7-hydroxy-4-p-hydroxybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol
    —— bis(α2-dihydroxybenzyl)phenylphosphine oxide 125300-94-9 C20H19O5P
    bis(α2-dihydroxybenzyl)phenylphosphine oxide
    —— 2-deuteriovanillin 92351-94-5 C8H8O3
    2-deuteriovanillin
    —— 2,6-Divanillyl-cyclohexanol 110664-47-6 C22H28O5
    2,6-Divanillyl-cyclohexanol
    —— 5-Benzo[b]thien-2-yl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 1093118-58-1 C16H12O3S
    5-Benzo[b]thien-2-yl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 57838-86-5 C16H20N2O2
    —— 2-{2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitroethyl]phenyl}acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal 691898-57-4 C18H21NO5
    2-{2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitroethyl]phenyl}acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal
    —— 904625-79-2 C15H11N3O3
    —— 4-methyl-2-({1-[trans-1-methyl-4-(methyloxy)cyclohexyl]-4-piperidinyl}amino)phenol 1134197-67-3 C20H32N2O2
    4-methyl-2-({1-[trans-1-methyl-4-(methyloxy)cyclohexyl]-4-piperidinyl}amino)phenol
    —— 3,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol; compound with morpholine 4102-83-4 C4H9NO*C8H8N2O5
    3,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol; compound with morpholine
    —— N-Jodacetyl-m-tyramin 17639-43-9 C10H12INO2
    N-Jodacetyl-m-tyramin
    —— 1,3-(diphenol-2-yl)-2,5-(dipyridin-2-yl)-6-methoxyleucoverdazyl 1217974-35-0 C25H22N6O3
    1,3-(diphenol-2-yl)-2,5-(dipyridin-2-yl)-6-methoxyleucoverdazyl
    —— 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-5-nitro-phenol 90222-60-9 C8H9NO4
    3-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-5-nitro-phenol
    —— (1S,2S,5R)-(Z)-2-{2-[2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)cyclopent-3-enyl}acetic acid tert-butyl ester 960325-85-3 C26H39BrO4Si
    (1S,2S,5R)-(Z)-2-{2-[2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)cyclopent-3-enyl}acetic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4-nitro-2-[(propylamino)methyl]phenol 66398-08-1 C10H14N2O3
    4-nitro-2-[(propylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— 6-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-resorcylidenhydrazino-pyrimidin 92848-87-8 C12H12N4O3
    6-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-resorcylidenhydrazino-pyrimidin
    —— (Benzimidazol-2-yl<2-ethyl>)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)amine 155797-26-5 C16H16N4O3
    (Benzimidazol-2-yl<2-ethyl>)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)amine
    —— N-Chloracetyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamin 17639-55-3 C12H16ClNO4
    N-Chloracetyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamin
    —— 3-Methyl-4-isohexyl-phenol 5055-51-6 C13H20O
    3-Methyl-4-isohexyl-phenol
    —— 1416161-11-9 C11H16O3Si
    —— (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)(thiophen-2-yl)methanone O-acetyl oxime 97035-11-5 C13H10ClNO3S
    (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)(thiophen-2-yl)methanone O-acetyl oxime
    —— 4-bromo-2-(3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol 1620753-59-4 C10H11BrN2O
    4-bromo-2-(3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 5-tert-butyl-4-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxazolin-2-one 145858-74-8 C13H12Cl2FNO3
    5-tert-butyl-4-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxazolin-2-one
    —— 4-Octyl-6-{[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-benzene-1,3-diol 23771-84-8 C21H27NO2
    4-Octyl-6-{[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— [Pt(N3)(2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolato)] 1175533-72-8 C11H15N5OPt
    [Pt(N3)(2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolato)]
    —— N,N'-bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-32-2 C26H34Cl2N2O2
    N,N'-bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— cis(hydroxy-2 methyl-5 styryl)-1 cyclohexanol 90778-40-8 C15H20O2
    cis(hydroxy-2 methyl-5 styryl)-1 cyclohexanol
    —— 6-[({2-[(E)-Benzylideneamino]ethyl}amino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 60434-97-1 C16H16N2O
    6-[({2-[(E)-Benzylideneamino]ethyl}amino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— [Mn(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine(2-))(CH3OH)2]Cl 803732-10-7 C18H22MnN2O6*Cl
    [Mn(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine(2-))(CH3OH)2]Cl
    —— 2-(2'-nitro-5'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3-dithiane 152821-34-6 C14H19NO3S2
    2-(2'-nitro-5'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3-dithiane
    —— N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,14-tetradecanediamine 1334545-47-9 C28H40N2O2
    N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,14-tetradecanediamine
    —— 6-Isopropyloxy-4-methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-α-methyl-benzylidenhydrazino)-pyrimidin 93538-84-2 C16H20N4O2
    6-Isopropyloxy-4-methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-α-methyl-benzylidenhydrazino)-pyrimidin
    —— (Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 122772-49-0 C18H17N3O3S2
    (Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 6-diethylamino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-2,10-dimethyldibenzo<d,g><1,3,2>-dioxaphosphacane 245058-02-0 C27H32NO3P
    6-diethylamino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-2,10-dimethyldibenzo<d,g><1,3,2>-dioxaphosphacane
    —— 2-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylideneamino)benzoic acid 521973-11-5 C18H14N2O5S
    2-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylideneamino)benzoic acid
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2,4,4-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole 1569-07-9 C6H3N3O7*C6H11NO
    Picric acid; compound with 2,4,4-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole
    —— (S)-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-[(2E)-1-hydroxyoct-2-enylidene]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 1257082-87-3 C19H23NO4
    (S)-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-[(2E)-1-hydroxyoct-2-enylidene]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-Ethyl-1-methyl-indan-4-ol 27445-25-6 C12H16O
    2-Ethyl-1-methyl-indan-4-ol
    —— 3-(m-Hydroxy-phenyl)-Δ2-pyrazolin 28858-24-4 C9H10N2O
    3-(m-Hydroxy-phenyl)-Δ2-pyrazolin
    —— Methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenylglyoxylat 38250-18-9 C11H12O4
    Methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenylglyoxylat
    —— 1390619-65-4 C13H19NO2
    —— N-<1-Methyl-3-hydroxy-buten-(2)-yliden>-salicylamin 22953-81-7 C12H15NO2
    N-<1-Methyl-3-hydroxy-buten-(2)-yliden>-salicylamin
    —— 2-<2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl>-furan 96472-79-6 C12H12O2
    2-<2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl>-furan
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-propionamidine 23941-94-8 C11H16N2O
    3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-propionamidine
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-chlor-5-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester 5294-25-7 C12H13ClN4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3-chlor-5-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— [2-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]boronic acid 1186103-37-6 C13H12BNO4
    [2-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]boronic acid