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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5,11-dichlorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(19),3(21),4,6,9,11,13(20),15,17-nonaene-19,20,21-triol 83142-72-7 C21H16Cl2O3
    5,11-dichlorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(19),3(21),4,6,9,11,13(20),15,17-nonaene-19,20,21-triol
    —— 3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenol 916225-97-3 C11H15IO4
    3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-Butyl-3-{3-[(3-butyl-thioureido)-methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzyl}-thiourea 321898-65-1 C18H30N4OS2
    1-Butyl-3-{3-[(3-butyl-thioureido)-methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzyl}-thiourea
    —— 5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 119748-38-8 C9H10BrN3O2S
    5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
    —— 4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-3-ol 1616763-20-2 C20H13FN4O
    4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-3-ol
    —— 4-phenyl-N'-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)butanehydrazide —— C17H20N2O4
    4-phenyl-N'-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)butanehydrazide
    —— 4-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl-phenol —— C8H6N2OS
    4-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl-phenol
    —— octanedioic acid bis-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylamide) —— C22H28N2O6
    octanedioic acid bis-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylamide)
    —— (Z)-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(methylsulfanyl)thiazol-4-one —— C11H7Br2NO2S2
    (Z)-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(methylsulfanyl)thiazol-4-one
    —— N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide —— C16H15N5O6
    N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide
    —— N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo [2,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxamide —— C24H22N6O4S
    N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo [2,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)imidazo [2,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxamide —— C23H19FN6O3S
    6-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)imidazo [2,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxamide —— C21H18N6O3S
    N-((1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxamide
    —— (5S)-4-allyloxy-5-(p-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolin-2-one —— C14H15NO3
    (5S)-4-allyloxy-5-(p-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolin-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylthiomethoxynitrobenzene —— C14H13NO5S
    4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylthiomethoxynitrobenzene
    —— 4-ethylthio-3-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethylnitrobenzene —— C9H11NO4S
    4-ethylthio-3-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethylnitrobenzene
    —— 5-butyl-2,4-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione —— C13H17N3OS
    5-butyl-2,4-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione
    —— 3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyluracil —— C12H8F4N2O3
    3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyluracil
    —— 4-methoxy-(E,E)-2,6-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyryl)pyridine —— C24H23NO5
    4-methoxy-(E,E)-2,6-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyryl)pyridine
    —— 2,4-difluoro-6-methylphenol —— C7H6F2O
    2,4-difluoro-6-methylphenol
    —— pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid bis-vanillylidenehydrazide —— C23H21N5O6
    pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid bis-vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine —— C12H15NO2
    1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrole —— C11H11NO
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrole
    —— 2-dimethylamino-4-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-thiazole —— C12H14N2OS
    2-dimethylamino-4-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-thiazole
    —— sinapyl acetate —— C13H16O5
    sinapyl acetate
    —— (+)-ipalbidine —— C15H19NO
    (+)-ipalbidine
    —— 2-[{[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl](pyridyn-2-ylmethyl)amino}methyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C20H20N4O3
    2-[{[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl](pyridyn-2-ylmethyl)amino}methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxypropyl)phenol —— C12H18O4
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxypropyl)phenol
    —— (E)-4,4'-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)diphenol —— C16H16O2
    (E)-4,4'-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)diphenol
    —— (-)-2-hydroxy-2'-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxymethoxymethyl-4',5'-methylenedioxy-1,1'-biphenyl —— C19H22O8
    (-)-2-hydroxy-2'-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxymethoxymethyl-4',5'-methylenedioxy-1,1'-biphenyl
    —— 4-[diallyl(ethoxy)silyl]phenol —— C14H20O2Si
    4-[diallyl(ethoxy)silyl]phenol
    —— 5-bromo-2-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)]-4-N-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine —— C15H16BrFN4O2
    5-bromo-2-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-fluorophenyl)]-4-N-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone-2-imidazole —— C15H15ClN4O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone-2-imidazole
    —— tert-butyl (trans)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylcarbamate —— C14H19NO3
    tert-butyl (trans)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylcarbamate
    —— 3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)phenol —— C10H12O
    3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-dodecylphenol —— C18H29BrO
    4-bromo-2-dodecylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-phenylthiomethoxynitrobenzene —— C13H11NO4S
    4-hydroxy-3-phenylthiomethoxynitrobenzene
    —— (±)-3-(1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-methoxyphenol —— C11H17NO2
    (±)-3-(1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 12-((2-hydroxy-5-ethoxybenzyl)oxy)dodecanoic acid ethyl ester —— C23H38O5
    12-((2-hydroxy-5-ethoxybenzyl)oxy)dodecanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2,6-dipropyl-4-nitrophenol —— C12H17NO3
    2,6-dipropyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— [4-(Benzyloxy)phenethoxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane —— C21H30O2Si
    [4-(Benzyloxy)phenethoxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane
    —— 2-[4'-(triethylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol —— C14H24O2Si
    2-[4'-(triethylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— jiangrine D —— C17H21NO5
    jiangrine D
    —— jiangrine C —— C17H21NO5
    jiangrine C
    —— (3S,4E)-4-formyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)hex-4-enoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester —— C17H22O5
    (3S,4E)-4-formyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)hex-4-enoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-5-n-octylphenol —— C16H25NO4
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-5-n-octylphenol
    —— 11,23-dimethyl-5-tert-butyl-15,19-dithiatetracyclo[19.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>.1<sup>9,13</sup>]heptacosa-1(24),3(26),4,6,9(27),10,12,21(25),22-nonaene-25,26,27-triol —— C31H38O3S2
    11,23-dimethyl-5-tert-butyl-15,19-dithiatetracyclo[19.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>.1<sup>9,13</sup>]heptacosa-1(24),3(26),4,6,9(27),10,12,21(25),22-nonaene-25,26,27-triol
    —— 2,6-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-4-methylphenol —— C15H16N4O
    2,6-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2,3-dihydro-6-(3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)propyl)-5-benzofuranol —— C19H22O4
    2,3-dihydro-6-(3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)propyl)-5-benzofuranol
    —— (S)-2-(4-(3-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-2-phenyl-5-oxazolidinylmethoxy)phenyl)ethanol —— C22H29NO3
    (S)-2-(4-(3-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-2-phenyl-5-oxazolidinylmethoxy)phenyl)ethanol