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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-<α-Benzoylamino-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl>-N'-<4-brom-3-chlor-phenyl>-harnstoff 14347-69-4 C23H19BrClN3O4
    N-<α-Benzoylamino-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl>-N'-<4-brom-3-chlor-phenyl>-harnstoff
    —— Phenol, 3-fluoro-4-(pentyloxy)- 98121-50-7 C11H15FO2
    Phenol, 3-fluoro-4-(pentyloxy)-
    —— <3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon 19266-13-8 C14H12N4O6
    <3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon
    —— N-Methyl-<2-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon 19266-17-2 C14H12N4O5
    N-Methyl-<2-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon
    —— 2-(Hydroxyimino)-N-(3-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)acetamide 151057-26-0 C8H7IN2O3
    2-(Hydroxyimino)-N-(3-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)acetamide
    —— Xerocomsaeure-methylester 50423-03-5 C19H14O8
    Xerocomsaeure-methylester
    —— 5-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-3-oxapentanol 1061302-93-9 C13H18O3
    5-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-3-oxapentanol
    —— 2,2-Dichloro-1-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyridazin-1-yl]-ethanone 119837-39-7 C12H12Cl2N2O2
    2,2-Dichloro-1-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyridazin-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 5-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole 155721-25-8 C18H17NO7
    5-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 4-amino-5-methylcatechol hydrochloride 145314-94-9 C7H9NO2*ClH
    4-amino-5-methylcatechol hydrochloride
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-<4-Amino-3,5-dichlor-benzoyl>-N<sup>2</sup>-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden>-hydrazin 3136-69-4 C15H13Cl2N3O3
    N<sup>1</sup>-<4-Amino-3,5-dichlor-benzoyl>-N<sup>2</sup>-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden>-hydrazin
    —— Einecs 287-246-4 85443-55-6 C15H20CrN3O9S+
    Einecs 287-246-4
    —— 1361313-51-0 C29H41NO7
    —— 3-({[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methylene)-2,4-pyrrolidinedione 352549-57-6 C13H14N2O4
    3-({[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methylene)-2,4-pyrrolidinedione
    —— piperidinium 4-nitrophenolate 42824-44-2 C5H11N*C6H5NO3
    piperidinium 4-nitrophenolate
    —— (S)-1-[2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-silacyclohexan-1-ol 785785-09-3 C15H25NO2Si
    (S)-1-[2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-silacyclohexan-1-ol
    —— (+)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-6-azabicyclo[3,2,1]octane picrate 60884-50-6 C6H3N3O7*C15H21NO
    (+)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-6-azabicyclo[3,2,1]octane picrate
    —— 2-[(E)-Isopropylimino-methyl]-5-nitro-phenol 42551-69-9 C10H12N2O3
    2-[(E)-Isopropylimino-methyl]-5-nitro-phenol
    —— N,N-bis(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-bis(2-methylpyridyl) ethylenediamine 877221-01-7 C28H28N6O6
    N,N-bis(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-bis(2-methylpyridyl) ethylenediamine
    —— Hexadecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidate;hydrochloride 5456-39-3 C24H42ClNO3
    Hexadecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidate;hydrochloride
    —— 1.8-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)octane 10365-41-0 C22H30O4
    1.8-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)octane
    —— N-Acetyl-N-[3-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-propyl]-acetamide 121746-36-9 C14H19NO4
    N-Acetyl-N-[3-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-propyl]-acetamide
    —— 2-[3-(Oxiran-2-yl)propyl]phenol 123999-65-5 C11H14O2
    2-[3-(Oxiran-2-yl)propyl]phenol
    —— 2-[2,6-dinitro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[4-(2-hydroxyanilino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]ethyl]anilino]phenol 97425-07-5 C26H17Cl3N6O10
    2-[2,6-dinitro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[4-(2-hydroxyanilino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]ethyl]anilino]phenol
    —— 904632-38-8 C13H12N2O2
    —— 1260107-36-5 C18H30N2O5
    —— 1-[(Z)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea 6638-54-6 C15H14N4O5
    1-[(Z)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea
    —— N-[2-(4-Ethylamino-3-methyl-phenylamino)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl]-acetamide 57838-90-1 C18H23N3O3
    N-[2-(4-Ethylamino-3-methyl-phenylamino)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl]-acetamide
    —— (p-formyl)tris(p-tert-butyl)calix[4]arene 182325-02-6 C41H48O5
    (p-formyl)tris(p-tert-butyl)calix[4]arene
    —— 1417884-12-8 C18H16Br2O5
    —— N-(4-methoxysalicylidene)-N'-(4-chlorosalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-51-5 C27H37ClN2O3
    N-(4-methoxysalicylidene)-N'-(4-chlorosalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoate 74882-06-7 C13H18O5
    methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoate
    —— 3-<(methylthio)methyl>catechol 108082-58-2 C8H10O2S
    3-<(methylthio)methyl>catechol
    —— 4-(Hydroxy-piperidin-2-yl-methyl)-3-methyl-benzene-1,2-diol 108930-04-7 C13H19NO3
    4-(Hydroxy-piperidin-2-yl-methyl)-3-methyl-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-[(Z)-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-m-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one 23233-50-3 C25H17FN4O2S2
    2-[(Z)-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-m-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-pentyl]-phenol 96013-82-0 C17H30O2Si
    4-[1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-pentyl]-phenol
    —— (E)-3-((2,2-diethoxyethylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1351594-29-0 C13H19NO4
    (E)-3-((2,2-diethoxyethylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— Dihydroxy-oxo-ammonium; ethanol; 6-[(isopropylamino)methylene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one; nickel 7235-52-1 C24H42N4Ni2O10+2
    Dihydroxy-oxo-ammonium; ethanol; 6-[(isopropylamino)methylene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one; nickel
    —— N-[3-(adamantan-2-yl)phenyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenethanamide 478400-40-7 C25H29NO3
    N-[3-(adamantan-2-yl)phenyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenethanamide
    —— 3-Phenyl-2-(5-chlor-4-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-propionsaeure-ethylester 19169-01-8 C17H16ClN3O5
    3-Phenyl-2-(5-chlor-4-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-propionsaeure-ethylester
    —— N,N'-bis(4-(4'-n-hexadecyloxy)salicylidene)-4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine 1354652-24-6 C52H79N3O6
    N,N'-bis(4-(4'-n-hexadecyloxy)salicylidene)-4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— 2-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-5-methyl-phenol 109250-78-4 C17H26O
    2-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-5-methyl-phenol
    —— (3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-acetonitrile 104266-79-7 C8H5Br2NO2
    (3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-acetonitrile
    —— (4,6-Dinitro-2-hydroxy-phenoxy)-essigsaeure 100949-09-5 C8H6N2O8
    (4,6-Dinitro-2-hydroxy-phenoxy)-essigsaeure
    —— 1-(4-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone oxime 1184850-46-1 C8H5BrF3NO2
    1-(4-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone oxime
    —— 3-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-propanone oxime acetate 444177-54-2 C17H20BrN3O3
    3-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-propanone oxime acetate
    —— 5-Methyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diol 3529-27-9 C7H6N2O2S
    5-Methyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diol
    —— 2-(2-(3-cyclohexenyl)ethyl)-1,4-dihydroxybenzene 1229027-44-4 C14H18O2
    2-(2-(3-cyclohexenyl)ethyl)-1,4-dihydroxybenzene
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]-5-methoxyphenol 79319-41-8 C14H13NO3
    2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 1276664-02-8 C16H16ClN3O3S
    N-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide