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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Norbudrine Hydrochloride 13329-35-6 C12H18ClNO3
    Norbudrine Hydrochloride
    —— 4-<sek.-Amyl-(2)>-o-kresol 14705-06-7 C12H18O
    4-<sek.-Amyl-(2)>-o-kresol
    —— Epinephrine Acetate 97289-42-4 C11H17NO5
    Epinephrine Acetate
    —— Vanillin 2,3-butanediol acetal, trans- 316821-13-3 C12H16O4
    Vanillin 2,3-butanediol acetal, trans-
    —— Vanillin 2,3-butanediol acetal, cis- 316811-68-4 C12H16O4
    Vanillin 2,3-butanediol acetal, cis-
    —— Hexaaquazinc(II) dipicrate trihydrate —— C12H22N6O23Zn
    Hexaaquazinc(II) dipicrate trihydrate
    —— 5-Bromo-1-(1,3-dimethoxypropan-2-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylanilino)pyrazin-2-one 1417450-21-5 C17H22BrN3O4
    5-Bromo-1-(1,3-dimethoxypropan-2-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylanilino)pyrazin-2-one
    —— 3,4-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-31-0 C16H10F2O2S
    3,4-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— dimethyl 2-(4-bromobut-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate 1428962-14-4 C16H16BrClO5
    dimethyl 2-(4-bromobut-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate
    —— 2,3-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-40-1 C16H10Cl2O2S
    2,3-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)thiophene 1430419-26-3 C17H13ClO2S
    2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)thiophene
    —— (E)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-(3-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)phenol 1449752-05-9 C14H20O2
    (E)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-(3-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 2,5-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-21-8 C16H10Cl2O2S
    2,5-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2,5-bis(2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-22-9 C16H10F2O2S
    2,5-bis(2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2,4-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-36-5 C16H10Cl2O2S
    2,4-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)thiophene 1430419-25-2 C17H13FO2S
    2-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2,5-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1429059-29-9 C16H10F2O2S
    2,5-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2,5-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1429059-30-2 C16H10Cl2O2S
    2,5-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 3,4-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-32-1 C16H10Cl2O2S
    3,4-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2,3-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-39-8 C16H10F2O2S
    2,3-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2,4-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-35-4 C16H10F2O2S
    2,4-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 5,5'-((1E,3E,5E)-hexa-1,3,5-triene-1,6-diyl)bis(2-methoxyphenol) 1443299-33-9 C20H20O4
    5,5'-((1E,3E,5E)-hexa-1,3,5-triene-1,6-diyl)bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— (1S,5R,7S)-7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1443115-30-7 C15H18O5
    (1S,5R,7S)-7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-(phenylethynyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate 1446864-97-6 C28H26O5
    ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-(phenylethynyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-propan-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one 1422008-90-9 C14H18N2O2
    4-[(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-propan-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one
    —— 2,6-bis(hexadecyltelluro)phenol 1442115-00-5 C38H70OTe2
    2,6-bis(hexadecyltelluro)phenol
    —— 2-(hexadecyltelluro)phenol 1442114-86-4 C22H38OTe
    2-(hexadecyltelluro)phenol
    —— N-Methylepinephrine hydrochloride 62-22-6 C10H16ClNO3
    N-Methylepinephrine hydrochloride
    —— 5,11,17,23,29-pentaformyl-31,32,33,34,35-pentahydroxycalix[5]arene 1445138-43-1 C40H30O10
    5,11,17,23,29-pentaformyl-31,32,33,34,35-pentahydroxycalix[5]arene
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 1447606-39-4 C11H7N3O
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic Acid-d5 929709-59-1 C8H7NO5
    4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic Acid-d5
    —— 4-Hydroxy Kresoxim-methyl Carboxylic Acid 1639810-29-9 C17H17NO5
    4-Hydroxy Kresoxim-methyl Carboxylic Acid
    —— Nifursol-15N2,d2 —— C12H7N5O9
    Nifursol-15N2,d2
    —— Rimiterol-d4 Hydrobromide —— C12H18BrNO3
    Rimiterol-d4 Hydrobromide
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-N,N-dimethylformamide 1384430-11-8 C10H13NO3S
    1-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-N,N-dimethylformamide
    —— 2-Chloro-4-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)phenol 1423027-67-1 C12H17ClO3
    2-Chloro-4-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)phenol
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)allyl)phenol 1444826-82-7 C16H23BO4
    (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)allyl)phenol
    —— 28-Hydroxy-2,8,14,20-tetramethyl-2,8,14,20,25,26,27-heptazapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-5-carbonitrile 1446556-65-5 C26H24N8O
    28-Hydroxy-2,8,14,20-tetramethyl-2,8,14,20,25,26,27-heptazapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-5-carbonitrile
    —— 3-(1-Methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 35607-18-2 C16H13N5O7
    3-(1-Methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 10,21-Ditert-butyl-3,4,5,14,15,16-hexazapentacyclo[17.3.1.13,6.18,12.114,17]hexacosa-1(22),4,6(26),8(25),9,11,15,17(24),19(23),20-decaene-23,25-diol 1449313-93-2 C28H34N6O2
    10,21-Ditert-butyl-3,4,5,14,15,16-hexazapentacyclo[17.3.1.13,6.18,12.114,17]hexacosa-1(22),4,6(26),8(25),9,11,15,17(24),19(23),20-decaene-23,25-diol
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-[[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenol 1442651-34-4 C25H31N3O2
    2-Tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-[[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[Bis[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino]methyl]-6-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol 1442651-36-6 C26H33N3O2
    2-[[Bis[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino]methyl]-6-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-4-nitrophenol 1447448-24-9 C14H8FNO3
    2-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 1-[(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)butan-2-yl]urea 1424379-31-6 C17H22FN3O2
    1-[(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)butan-2-yl]urea
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-ylprop-2-en-1-one 878581-39-6 C15H13NO3
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-ylprop-2-en-1-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-(5-oxo-5H-indeno[2,1-e]-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)hydrazone 832677-58-4 C18H13N5O3
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-(5-oxo-5H-indeno[2,1-e]-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)hydrazone
    —— 3-(Aminomethyl)-5-nitrophenol 1261852-63-4 C7H8N2O3
    3-(Aminomethyl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— (3aR,7S,7aS)-3-[(3-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-7-[(3-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-thiopyrano[3,4-d][1,3]oxazol-2-one 1455446-33-9 C24H27FN2O5S
    (3aR,7S,7aS)-3-[(3-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-7-[(3-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-thiopyrano[3,4-d][1,3]oxazol-2-one
    —— (3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid 1318165-81-9 C7H9BO4
    (3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid
    —— (3-Hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)acetic acid 1393540-48-1 C8H7IO3
    (3-Hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)acetic acid