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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxybenzyliden)-1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinon 85175-06-0 C17H15NO2
    3-(2-Hydroxybenzyliden)-1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinon
    —— N,N'-Bis<2-hydroxybenzylidene>-2-hydroxyphenylmethanediamine 35832-40-7 C21H18N2O3
    N,N'-Bis<2-hydroxybenzylidene>-2-hydroxyphenylmethanediamine
    —— (4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdiiodid 109125-80-6 C14H14I2O3Te
    (4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdiiodid
    —— O-(4-methoxyphenethyl) S-methyl carbonodithioate 1171146-06-7 C11H14O2S2
    O-(4-methoxyphenethyl) S-methyl carbonodithioate
    —— 4-Methyl-2-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin 91640-04-9 C12H15NO
    4-Methyl-2-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin
    —— 83643-97-4 C19H18O4
    —— 2-((4-Chlorobenzyl)oxy)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 347899-87-0 C22H19ClN2O4
    2-((4-Chlorobenzyl)oxy)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— (4-Bromo-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)acetic acid ((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)hydrazide 42024-72-6 C21H26BrN3O4
    (4-Bromo-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)acetic acid ((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)hydrazide
    —— (+/-)2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethylamino)-ethyl]-phenol 926253-89-6 C12H20N2O
    (+/-)2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethylamino)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— <3-<sup>3</sup>H>-2,6-Dimethyl-phenol 91929-40-7 C8H10O
    <3-<sup>3</sup>H>-2,6-Dimethyl-phenol
    —— (S)-5-bromo-2-(1-(piperidin-1-yl)allyl)phenol 1454789-89-9 C14H18BrNO
    (S)-5-bromo-2-(1-(piperidin-1-yl)allyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-Diacetoxy-4-methyl-phenol-bis-<2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazon> 95435-76-0 C23H20N8O9
    2,6-Diacetoxy-4-methyl-phenol-bis-<2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazon>
    —— 2-((R)-azido((R)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)phenol 1197983-31-5 C13H17N3O2
    2-((R)-azido((R)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,12-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one 1392308-44-9 C26H23N5O5
    2,5-bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,12-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one
    —— 596094-66-5 C7H4ClI2NO2
    —— N,N'-bis[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine 887596-48-7 C8H12N2O2
    N,N'-bis[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine
    —— (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethanone propyloxime 1343411-26-6 C13H19NO2
    (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethanone propyloxime
    —— 183246-86-8 C22H24N2NiO6
    —— salicylidene-thiocarbazic acid <i>O</i>-benzyl ester 108852-03-5 C15H14N2O2S
    salicylidene-thiocarbazic acid <i>O</i>-benzyl ester
    —— 1-deoxy-1,1-bis(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannitol 129319-01-3 C28H38O11
    1-deoxy-1,1-bis(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannitol
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-4-methyl-saligenin 89977-27-5 C8H8N2O6
    3,5-Dinitro-4-methyl-saligenin
    —— 1-[1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)allylidene]-4-(2-fluorophenyl)semicarbazide 1250377-74-2 C23H20FN3O4
    1-[1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)allylidene]-4-(2-fluorophenyl)semicarbazide
    —— 2.4.7-Trihydroxy-1-<2-methoxy-phenyl>-6-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl>-pteridin 114931-37-2 C21H18N4O6
    2.4.7-Trihydroxy-1-<2-methoxy-phenyl>-6-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl>-pteridin
    —— 2,3,6-tribromo-4-chloro-5-nitro-phenol 117009-07-1 C6HBr3ClNO3
    2,3,6-tribromo-4-chloro-5-nitro-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diamino-3-phenylpropane 1075246-31-9 C23H22N2O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diamino-3-phenylpropane
    —— tert-butyl (4S)-4-[(S)-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-hydroxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 116079-43-7 C32H55NO6
    tert-butyl (4S)-4-[(S)-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-hydroxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— (E)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,3,5-triol 1636163-16-0 C15H15NO5
    (E)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— 1309932-25-9 C23H37N3O3
    —— 3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propanoic acid chloride 1176327-39-1 C12H15ClO3
    3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propanoic acid chloride
    —— Z,Z-{Ni(SC(C6H5)NNCH-2-C6H4OH)2} 220706-08-1 C28H22N4NiO2S2
    Z,Z-{Ni(SC(C6H5)NNCH-2-C6H4OH)2}
    —— 9-<2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-bis-desundecyl-anhydro-vilangin 1056-65-1 C20H12O9
    9-<2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-bis-desundecyl-anhydro-vilangin
    —— 2,5-Bis-(p-methylphenyl)-6-hydroxy-pyrazin 1092-29-1 C18H16N2O
    2,5-Bis-(p-methylphenyl)-6-hydroxy-pyrazin
    —— N-Salicylidin-4-piperidino-3-methyl-butylamin 93813-79-7 C17H26N2O
    N-Salicylidin-4-piperidino-3-methyl-butylamin
    —— (S)-3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-benzo[d][1,3]oxaphosphole 3-oxide 1338453-90-9 C11H15O3P
    (S)-3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-benzo[d][1,3]oxaphosphole 3-oxide
    —— <2,4,6-Trihydroxy-phenyl>-<p-methoxy-benzyl>-keton-C<sup>14</sup> 97528-89-7 C15H14O5
    <2,4,6-Trihydroxy-phenyl>-<p-methoxy-benzyl>-keton-C<sup>14</sup>
    —— 1393826-29-3 C22H20ClNO5S
    —— (E)-diethyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(3-pyridyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate 407582-96-1 C19H25N2O6P
    (E)-diethyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(3-pyridyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate
    —— 2'-(2-aminoethyl)-4',5'-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitro-1,2-dihydro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ide 120052-25-7 C14H13N4O8
    2'-(2-aminoethyl)-4',5'-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitro-1,2-dihydro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ide
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dibrom-Δ<sup>2,3</sup>-crotonlacton 42241-64-5 C10H6Br2O3
    4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dibrom-Δ<sup>2,3</sup>-crotonlacton
    —— 1,1'-(1,3,5-hexatriyne-1,6-diyl)bis[4-hydroxybenzene] 1502828-61-6 C18H10O2
    1,1'-(1,3,5-hexatriyne-1,6-diyl)bis[4-hydroxybenzene]
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N'-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide 303064-25-7 C15H13ClN2O4
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N'-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— threo-methyl 3-benzylsulfanyl-2-(2"-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyphenyl)-3-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 209404-25-1 C30H38O5SSi
    threo-methyl 3-benzylsulfanyl-2-(2"-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyphenyl)-3-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 4-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl)-2-methylphenol 80193-35-7 C10H12OS2
    4-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 1-p-hydroxyphenyl-2-(β-propionamidoethyl)aminoethanol 56443-64-2 C13H20N2O3
    1-p-hydroxyphenyl-2-(β-propionamidoethyl)aminoethanol
    —— 5-chloro-2-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol 20536-95-2 C13H10ClNO
    5-chloro-2-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— (2-methoxyethoxy)methyl 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl ether 136178-81-9 C14H22O5
    (2-methoxyethoxy)methyl 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl ether
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid butylamide 36695-80-4 C12H17NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid butylamide
    —— (3Z)-2-amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile 1094048-79-9 C13H8N4O
    (3Z)-2-amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— 5-((tert-butylimino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 174909-43-4 C12H17NO2
    5-((tert-butylimino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Benzyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methanesulfonylamino)pyrazine 1238832-19-3 C18H17N3O3S
    3-Benzyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methanesulfonylamino)pyrazine