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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)benzene 406215-62-1 C16H27BrO3Si
    1-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 2-(2-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 176756-93-7 C14H16O3
    2-(2-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethyl-2-methylphenol 359844-33-0 C11H16O4
    3,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethyl-2-methylphenol
    —— Phenol, 3,5-bis[[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphino]methyl]-2,4,6-trimethyl- 194211-67-1 C27H50OP2
    Phenol, 3,5-bis[[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphino]methyl]-2,4,6-trimethyl-
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[1-hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-phenol 433955-11-4 C11H13ClO3
    4-Chloro-2-[1-hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amino-1-propanesulfonic acid 720699-23-0 C10H15NO5S
    3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amino-1-propanesulfonic acid
    —— 1,1'-dichloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane 853073-92-4 C15H12Cl2N2O
    1,1'-dichloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-3-[(1E,3E)-5-[3-chloro-5-(diethoxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one 748798-49-4 C28H41ClO5
    (2R,3R,4R)-3-[(1E,3E)-5-[3-chloro-5-(diethoxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— 1,2,4-Benzenetriol, chloro- 75562-91-3 C6H5ClO3
    1,2,4-Benzenetriol, chloro-
    —— Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2-nitro- 374589-62-5 C8H8N2O5
    Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2-nitro-
    —— Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2,6-dinitro- 647021-95-2 C8H7N3O7
    Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2,6-dinitro-
    —— 4-(Methoxymethoxy)-2,3-dimethyl-6-(trideuteriomethyl)phenol 816456-23-2 C11H16O3
    4-(Methoxymethoxy)-2,3-dimethyl-6-(trideuteriomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-[(dimethyl-p-methoxylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 188579-03-5 C20H28O3Si
    2-tert-butyl-4-[(dimethyl-p-methoxylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— ethyl (2E)-3-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylmethoxyiminopropanoate 511257-13-9 C19H20BrNO5
    ethyl (2E)-3-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylmethoxyiminopropanoate
    —— 3,4-dibenzyloxy-5-methylphenol 393803-50-4 C21H20O3
    3,4-dibenzyloxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 1-methoxy-6-(pent-2-enyl)phenol 483355-44-8 C12H16O2
    1-methoxy-6-(pent-2-enyl)phenol
    —— N-Chloracetyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenaethylamin 17639-51-9 C10H12ClNO3
    N-Chloracetyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenaethylamin
    —— 4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyridine 782504-71-6 C12H11NO
    4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyridine
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-6-nitro-phenyl)-N'-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)urea 160383-87-9 C14H10F3N3O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-6-nitro-phenyl)-N'-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)urea
    —— 3-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)catechol 322648-98-6 C11H17NO2
    3-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)catechol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde O-benzyl-oxime 623914-45-4 C14H13NO2
    3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde O-benzyl-oxime
    —— Phenol, 3-methoxy-5-[[5-(3-thienyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]- 858117-53-0 C19H16N2O2S
    Phenol, 3-methoxy-5-[[5-(3-thienyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-
    —— (1R,11S,13R)-7-Hydroxy-11-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one 857253-64-6 C18H24O5
    (1R,11S,13R)-7-Hydroxy-11-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one
    —— 4-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-3-ylmethyl)-phenol 835916-92-2 C17H13N5O
    4-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-3-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 2.6-Dihydroxy-3.5-dinitro-benzoesaeure 22604-82-6 C7H4N2O8
    2.6-Dihydroxy-3.5-dinitro-benzoesaeure
    —— 6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,8S)-3,9-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-2,4,8-trimethylnonyl]-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol 717916-70-6 C37H72O7Si2
    6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,8S)-3,9-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-2,4,8-trimethylnonyl]-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-((3S)-4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-hydroxybutyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1027981-38-9 C17H30O4Si
    2-((3S)-4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-hydroxybutyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(1-Methylimidazolin-2-yl)phenol 194985-95-0 C10H12N2O
    3-(1-Methylimidazolin-2-yl)phenol
    —— (2S,3S,5S)-6-(6-benzyloxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylhexyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methylphenol 845536-37-0 C26H38O6
    (2S,3S,5S)-6-(6-benzyloxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylhexyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-[bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]amino]-5-[(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate 860771-62-6 C32H45BrN4O10
    tert-butyl N-[2-[bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]amino]-5-[(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate
    —— Brenzkatechin 344241-46-9 C6H6O2
    Brenzkatechin
    —— (-)-2-[(1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethylcyclopentyl]-4-methylphenol 681035-75-6 C14H20O2
    (-)-2-[(1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethylcyclopentyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— Tert-butyl (4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)carbamate 905293-42-7 C15H19NO3
    Tert-butyl (4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)carbamate
    —— (2E,4E)-N-benzyl-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide 878800-19-2 C18H17NO3
    (2E,4E)-N-benzyl-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide
    —— (S)-tert-butyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphine 869585-59-1 C11H17OP
    (S)-tert-butyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphine
    —— 2-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-5-methylphenol 898289-36-6 C14H12FNO
    2-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-5-methylphenol
    —— I+/-,3-Dihydroxybenzenemethanesulfonic acid 744954-43-6 C7H8O5S
    I+/-,3-Dihydroxybenzenemethanesulfonic acid
    —— Phenol, 4-amino-2,6-dimethoxy-, hydrochloride 198134-83-7 C8H12ClNO3
    Phenol, 4-amino-2,6-dimethoxy-, hydrochloride
    —— 2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thiazole 103037-98-5 C10H10N2OS
    2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thiazole
    —— 2-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one 870707-69-0 C16H20N2O2S
    2-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 1,3-Benzenediol, 4,6-bis[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]- 649767-95-3 C16H28N2O2
    1,3-Benzenediol, 4,6-bis[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-
    —— 2,8,14,20-Tetraoctylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 134724-39-3 C60H88O8
    2,8,14,20-Tetraoctylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxybut-3-ynyl)phenol 132927-16-3 C10H10O2
    3-(1-Hydroxybut-3-ynyl)phenol
    —— 5-[5-[3,5-Bis[5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)pentoxy]phenoxy]pentoxy]benzene-1,3-diol 461055-44-7 C39H48O12
    5-[5-[3,5-Bis[5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)pentoxy]phenoxy]pentoxy]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— methyl (E)-4-[(4-hydroxybenzyloxy)imino]-4-phenylbutyrate 250602-89-2 C18H19NO4
    methyl (E)-4-[(4-hydroxybenzyloxy)imino]-4-phenylbutyrate
    —— 1-benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone 1427161-68-9 C19H15N3O3S
    1-benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone
    —— 1-Tert-butyl-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 883036-77-9 C12H17N3OS
    1-Tert-butyl-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 3-chloro-2,4-dinitro-phenol 100367-63-3 C6H3ClN2O5
    3-chloro-2,4-dinitro-phenol
    —— 4-[2-({3-[(2S)-2-benzyloxy-4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-2-methylbutyl]furan-2-yl}dimethylsilanyl)ethoxy]-2,3,5,6-tetrabromophenol 915769-91-4 C33H36Br4O6Si
    4-[2-({3-[(2S)-2-benzyloxy-4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-2-methylbutyl]furan-2-yl}dimethylsilanyl)ethoxy]-2,3,5,6-tetrabromophenol
    —— 5-propyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol 198203-80-4 C9H12O3
    5-propyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol