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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide 303083-79-6 C17H18N2O4
    N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-Methyl-6-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-hexen-2 51439-01-1 C13H18O
    2-Methyl-6-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-hexen-2
    —— 3-Chlor-salicylaldehyd-cyclohexylimin 92020-83-2 C13H16ClNO
    3-Chlor-salicylaldehyd-cyclohexylimin
    —— 1-(S-Benzylthiocarbonyl)-2-salicylidenhydrazin 93733-23-4 C15H14N2O2S
    1-(S-Benzylthiocarbonyl)-2-salicylidenhydrazin
    —— 158983-99-4 C14H22N2O3
    —— (1R,2R)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate 1435276-89-3 C12H14O3
    (1R,2R)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— 933777-83-4 C20H16N2O3
    —— 4-deuterio-6-nitro-o-cresol 28649-30-1 C7H7NO3
    4-deuterio-6-nitro-o-cresol
    —— 2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol 1426400-30-7 C12H11BrN2O2
    2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 1426447-06-4 C18H27NO5
    —— 1426447-07-5 C18H26INO5
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-propenyl-phenol 130530-69-7 C10H11BrO2
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-propenyl-phenol
    —— 6-iodo-2,5-dimethyl-phenol 1403775-57-4 C8H9IO
    6-iodo-2,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 6-fluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole 916606-27-4 C14H10FNO2S
    6-fluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole
    —— (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-arsinic acid 857587-41-8 C12H11AsO3
    (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-arsinic acid
    —— (E)-4-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1636163-22-8 C16H17NO4
    (E)-4-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-2-(1-isobutyl-5-methylhex-2-enyl)phenol 87512-68-3 C17H26O
    (E)-2-(1-isobutyl-5-methylhex-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 2,4,6-tris(1-[2-(5-nitrosalicylaldimino)-2-methylpropylimino]-ethyl)-1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene 862981-15-5 C45H51N9O12
    2,4,6-tris(1-[2-(5-nitrosalicylaldimino)-2-methylpropylimino]-ethyl)-1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene
    —— 2-Butyl-5-methyl-benzene-1,4-diol 869166-43-8 C11H16O2
    2-Butyl-5-methyl-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 5,5'-dihydroxy-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1003575-63-0 C16H16N2O6
    5,5'-dihydroxy-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— Vanillin-<4-iod-2-nitro-phenylhydrazon> 107919-86-8 C14H12IN3O4
    Vanillin-<4-iod-2-nitro-phenylhydrazon>
    —— 2-cyclohexylmethyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenol 180912-48-5 C15H22O3
    2-cyclohexylmethyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenol
    —— N-{3-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-propyl}-acetamide; compound with phosphoric acid 95483-68-4 C13H20N2O4*H3O4P
    N-{3-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-propyl}-acetamide; compound with phosphoric acid
    —— 5-Ethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-phenylthiosemicarbazon 19015-28-2 C16H17N3O2S
    5-Ethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-phenylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 1,5-Diphenyl-3-(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-pyrazolin 95620-70-5 C24H24N2O4
    1,5-Diphenyl-3-(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-pyrazolin
    —— 2-(4-Benzylsulfanyl-7-methoxy-chroman-3-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol 209404-40-0 C24H24O4S
    2-(4-Benzylsulfanyl-7-methoxy-chroman-3-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— p,p'-bis(α-cyano(4-methoxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylhydrazinocarbonylmethoxy)diphenyl sulphone 125237-20-9 C34H32N6O10S
    p,p'-bis(α-cyano(4-methoxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylhydrazinocarbonylmethoxy)diphenyl sulphone
    —— 1-((4bS,6aS,7S,9aR)-2-Hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-5,6,6a,7,10,11-hexahydro-4bH-benzo[4,5]indeno[1,7a-c]pyrrol-8-yl)-ethanone 100302-65-6 C19H25NO2
    1-((4bS,6aS,7S,9aR)-2-Hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-5,6,6a,7,10,11-hexahydro-4bH-benzo[4,5]indeno[1,7a-c]pyrrol-8-yl)-ethanone
    —— (±)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1531636-12-0 C17H19ClN2O3S
    (±)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione 683238-49-5 C18H10O5
    3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione
    —— 1400191-38-9 C20H16N2O3
    —— 6-(4-{N'-[Bis-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-hydrazino}-phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 360795-17-1 C24H22N4O5
    6-(4-{N'-[Bis-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-hydrazino}-phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-[1,3,5]trithian-2-yl-phenol 81259-32-7 C11H14OS3
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-[1,3,5]trithian-2-yl-phenol
    —— 6-tert-Butyl-13-methyl-tricyclo[9.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]hexadeca-1(14),4,6,8(16),11(15),12-hexaene-15,16-diol 201354-79-2 C21H26O2
    6-tert-Butyl-13-methyl-tricyclo[9.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]hexadeca-1(14),4,6,8(16),11(15),12-hexaene-15,16-diol
    —— 5-(m-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(18O)pentansaeure-dimethylamid 21420-76-8 C13H19NO2
    5-(m-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(18O)pentansaeure-dimethylamid
    —— 2,2'-(decane-1,10-diyl)diphenol 10365-46-5 C22H30O2
    2,2'-(decane-1,10-diyl)diphenol
    —— 3-Iod-6-ethyl-phenol 90110-64-8 C8H9IO
    3-Iod-6-ethyl-phenol
    —— disalicylaldehyde glutaroyldihydrazone 112008-82-9 C19H20N4O4
    disalicylaldehyde glutaroyldihydrazone
    —— N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide 1426853-47-5 C18H21NO6
    N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1010800-94-8 C11H11FN2O2
    3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2,2'-{1,2-Ethanediylbis[nitrilo(1E)-1-ethyl-1-ylidene]}diphenol 5464-60-8 C18H20N2O2
    2,2'-{1,2-Ethanediylbis[nitrilo(1E)-1-ethyl-1-ylidene]}diphenol
    —— 6-Adamantan-1-yl-5,8-dihydro-naphthalene-1,4-diol 92406-84-3 C20H24O2
    6-Adamantan-1-yl-5,8-dihydro-naphthalene-1,4-diol
    —— 83126-54-9 C14H11CuIN3O
    —— 3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone 1037717-31-9 C14H11ClO2
    3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol,4-[2-[(3-amino-1-methylpropyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-, dihydrochloride 88719-35-1 C12H20N2O3*2ClH
    1,2-Benzenediol,4-[2-[(3-amino-1-methylpropyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-, dihydrochloride
    —— 4'-Chloro-5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenylmethansulfonat 66950-29-6 C13H10ClNO6S
    4'-Chloro-5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenylmethansulfonat
    —— Heptafluorthymol 52450-50-7 C10H7F7O
    Heptafluorthymol
    —— (2-[(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylimino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-phenol) 736942-04-4 C15H13N3O2
    (2-[(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylimino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-phenol)
    —— m-Phenylendiamin-p-Kresol-Komplex 109497-55-4 C6H8N2*C7H8O
    m-Phenylendiamin-p-Kresol-Komplex
    —— 1-Aethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-2-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin 93571-35-8 C15H19NO3
    1-Aethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-2-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin