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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,2-Bis-<2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl>-aethan 17228-94-3 C20H26O4
    1,2-Bis-<2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl>-aethan
    —— 3,4-Dimethyl-6-isohexylphenol 13537-66-1 C14H22O
    3,4-Dimethyl-6-isohexylphenol
    —— 1,7-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)heptan 10400-53-0 C21H28O2
    1,7-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)heptan
    —— 2-(4-cyclohexyl-butyl)-hydroquinone 408310-34-9 C16H24O2
    2-(4-cyclohexyl-butyl)-hydroquinone
    —— 3-Ethylpyridazine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 28200-52-4 C12H11N5O7
    3-Ethylpyridazine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— (3,4,5,6-Tetrachlor-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-malonsaeure-diaethylester 21103-98-0 C13H12Cl4N2O5
    (3,4,5,6-Tetrachlor-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-malonsaeure-diaethylester
    —— 16476-10-1 C16H16O8
    —— [2-(1,2,3,4-thiatriazole-5-yliminomethyl)-phenol] 1263531-13-0 C8H6N4OS
    [2-(1,2,3,4-thiatriazole-5-yliminomethyl)-phenol]
    —— 3,9-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetrathiaspiro[5.5]undecane 1046827-40-0 C19H20O2S4
    3,9-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetrathiaspiro[5.5]undecane
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-acetophenon-isonicotinoylhydrazon 797-10-4 C14H12N4O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-acetophenon-isonicotinoylhydrazon
    —— oxaldiimide-bis-(2-hydroxy-α-methyl-benzylidenehydrazide) 152167-20-9 C18H20N6O2
    oxaldiimide-bis-(2-hydroxy-α-methyl-benzylidenehydrazide)
    —— 2,5-diisobutyl-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phenol 1230389-52-2 C19H34OSi
    2,5-diisobutyl-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene-1,5-dithiol 120256-67-9 C10H8O2S2
    2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene-1,5-dithiol
    —— 4(e)-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclohexan-(e)-carbaldehyd 127572-74-1 C13H16O3
    4(e)-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclohexan-(e)-carbaldehyd
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methylphenol 1788-05-2 C10H12N2O
    2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methylphenol
    —— 2-allyl-3-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-4-methoxyphenol 1639236-88-6 C20H21N3O3
    2-allyl-3-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-sinapic acid 1403598-97-9 C12H14O5
    (E)-sinapic acid
    —— N,N-bis(2-methylthioethyl)-4-nitro-2-methylaminophenol 81992-17-8 C13H20N2O3S2
    N,N-bis(2-methylthioethyl)-4-nitro-2-methylaminophenol
    —— 4-sec-Hexyl-2-chlor-m-cresol 2502-77-4 C13H19ClO
    4-sec-Hexyl-2-chlor-m-cresol
    —— 1381771-77-2 C22H32N2O4
    —— (5S,6R)-methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-6-carboxylate 1239015-23-6 C18H20O7
    (5S,6R)-methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-6-carboxylate
    —— N-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide 1426059-03-1 C12H12N2O3S
    N-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide
    —— N-cyano-N'-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]propanimidamide 736946-73-9 C12H15N3O2
    N-cyano-N'-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]propanimidamide
    —— 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-[(Z)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea 348590-58-9 C19H25N3O3
    1-(1-adamantyl)-3-[(Z)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea
    —— 2-[2-[[2-Hydroxy-3-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethylamino]propyl]amino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol 1261386-11-1 C21H28N4O3
    2-[2-[[2-Hydroxy-3-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethylamino]propyl]amino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-benzene-1,3-diol 38358-88-2 C16H13N3O4
    4-[4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 6-Amino-5-<(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-amino>-1,3-dimethyl-uracil 20886-64-0 C14H16N4O4
    6-Amino-5-<(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-amino>-1,3-dimethyl-uracil
    —— 3-Methyl-2-(nitromethyl)pyridine picrate 35624-31-8 C13H11N5O9
    3-Methyl-2-(nitromethyl)pyridine picrate
    —— 2-Dimethylaminomethyl-6-methoxy-4-acetamino-phenol 13885-94-4 C12H18N2O3
    2-Dimethylaminomethyl-6-methoxy-4-acetamino-phenol
    —— 4-<2-cyclohexyl-aethyl>-o-kresol 6800-91-5 C15H22O
    4-<2-cyclohexyl-aethyl>-o-kresol
    —— 2,4-Dinitro-phenol; compound with piperazine 93014-75-6 C4H10N2*C6H4N2O5
    2,4-Dinitro-phenol; compound with piperazine
    —— (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-2-one 1162642-11-6 C11H14O4
    (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-pyran-2-one 56364-36-4 C21H18N2O4
    4-hydroxy-3-[5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-pyran-2-one
    —— Salicylidendimalonitril 3905-04-2 C13H8N4O
    Salicylidendimalonitril
    —— tert-butyl [(3-hydroxybenzyl)sulfamoyl]carbamate 1295504-24-3 C12H18N2O5S
    tert-butyl [(3-hydroxybenzyl)sulfamoyl]carbamate
    —— bis-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1267623-92-6 C19H23NO4
    bis-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-hydroxy-phenylmercury (1+); bromide 40248-49-5 C6H5BrHgO
    2-hydroxy-phenylmercury (1+); bromide
    —— 5,11,17-trimethyl-23-[12-(25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-11,17,23-trimethyl-5-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaenyl)dodecyl]pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 124028-45-1 C74H82O8
    5,11,17-trimethyl-23-[12-(25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-11,17,23-trimethyl-5-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaenyl)dodecyl]pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— Tris-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-isocyanurat 30458-75-4 C30H33N3O6
    Tris-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-isocyanurat
    —— tBu-delta-PLH-2-OH-5-Br*TFA 714273-19-5 C2HF3O2*C19H19BrN4O3
    tBu-delta-PLH-2-OH-5-Br*TFA
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-o-tolyl thiosemicarbazone) 189126-14-5 C25H26N6OS2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-o-tolyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— antimony(III) phloroglucinoxydichloride 92919-99-8 C6H5Cl2O3Sb
    antimony(III) phloroglucinoxydichloride
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylpropanoate 1196042-05-3 C26H26N2O5
    ethyl (2R,3S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylpropanoate
    —— 3-(2'-Hydroxybenzyl)-2,4-pentandion 30881-26-6 C12H14O3
    3-(2'-Hydroxybenzyl)-2,4-pentandion
    —— (2E,4Z)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxylphenyl)-4-methyl-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one 1649448-00-9 C19H18O3
    (2E,4Z)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxylphenyl)-4-methyl-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-2,3-bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoate 1196042-00-8 C26H26N2O4
    ethyl (2R,3S)-2,3-bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoate
    —— 2-[[6-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]pyridin-2-yl]methylideneamino]-6-methylphenol 934268-44-7 C21H19N3O2
    2-[[6-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]pyridin-2-yl]methylideneamino]-6-methylphenol
    —— 6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexanoic acid hydrazide 100317-06-4 C12H18N2O2
    6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexanoic acid hydrazide
    —— 17646-42-3 C14H9FN4O2S
    —— 3-cyano-4,6-diamino-5-(o-hydroxy)benzylidine-2-pyridothione 105774-84-3 C13H10N4OS
    3-cyano-4,6-diamino-5-(o-hydroxy)benzylidine-2-pyridothione