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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-benzyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 106419-39-0 C24H30N2O9
    6-benzyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— 1-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-1-ol 101747-02-8 C17H20O4
    1-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-1-ol
    —— 3,5-dinitro-N-(pentafluorophenyl)salicylaldimine 1422157-77-4 C13H4F5N3O5
    3,5-dinitro-N-(pentafluorophenyl)salicylaldimine
    —— 934820-96-9 C19H23BrO4
    —— 6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 483323-98-4 C12H13N3O4
    6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-N-(cyanoethyl)benzamide 159301-22-1 C11H11N3O4
    3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-N-(cyanoethyl)benzamide
    —— 3-bromo-4-nitro-5-propylphenol 94102-93-9 C9H10BrNO3
    3-bromo-4-nitro-5-propylphenol
    —— ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzimidate hydrochloride 105430-50-0 C9H10N2O4*ClH
    ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzimidate hydrochloride
    —— 3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-nitrophenyl)hydrazone 303084-47-1 C14H12BrN3O4
    3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-nitrophenyl)hydrazone
    —— 5-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1613299-10-7 C16H14BrNO2
    5-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(penta-2t,4-dienyl)-phenol 28070-20-4 C13H16O
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-(penta-2t,4-dienyl)-phenol
    —— 6-tert-butyl-9-hydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane 103665-36-7 C22H28O
    6-tert-butyl-9-hydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane
    —— 471296-69-2 C19H22N2O3
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(5-hydroxypentyliminomethyl)phenol 1612762-70-5 C12H16BrNO2
    4-Bromo-2-(5-hydroxypentyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 3,4-Bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2,5-dione 111385-02-5 C18H12O5
    3,4-Bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2,5-dione
    —— erythro and threo--guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether triacetate 82701-29-9 C16H20O8
    erythro and threo--guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether triacetate
    —— (R)-3-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethyl)pentane-2,4-dione 1608092-00-7 C14H17NO6
    (R)-3-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethyl)pentane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-6-undecanone 96649-59-1 C17H26O2
    5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-6-undecanone
    —— 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(thien-2-yl)cyclopropane 219521-13-8 C13H12OS
    1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(thien-2-yl)cyclopropane
    —— [2-(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazole-4-carbonyloxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl-ammonium; dipicrate 122596-64-9 C6H2N3O7*C6H3N3O7*C9H16N3O2
    [2-(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazole-4-carbonyloxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl-ammonium; dipicrate
    —— 2-[(E)-5-(3,3-Dimethyl-oxiranyl)-3-methyl-pent-2-enyl]-4-methoxy-phenol 191401-65-7 C17H24O3
    2-[(E)-5-(3,3-Dimethyl-oxiranyl)-3-methyl-pent-2-enyl]-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furazan-3-carbonitrile 862608-11-5 C9H5N3O2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furazan-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2,4,N-trihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide 941305-95-9 C7H6N2O6
    2,4,N-trihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid dimethylamide 100794-52-3 C14H20ClNO2
    4-(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid dimethylamide
    —— 5-[5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-3-iodobenzene-1,2-diol 1394840-56-2 C16H11IO4S
    5-[5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-3-iodobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrabromo-2,8,14,20-tetramethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25)3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 83136-18-9 C32H28Br4O8
    5,11,17,23-tetrabromo-2,8,14,20-tetramethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25)3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 1357023-47-2 C20H24O6
    —— 1-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-4-[2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-benzene 96013-92-2 C40H46O2Si2
    1-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-4-[2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-benzene
    —— calix<4>arene-acetone (1:1) clathrate 95309-25-4 C3H6O*C28H24O4
    calix<4>arene-acetone (1:1) clathrate
    —— PGMAC 748798-53-0 C27H37ClO5
    PGMAC
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid-(5-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hexylamide) 107152-53-4 C16H25NO4
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid-(5-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hexylamide)
    —— 1-(5-Fluor-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-enon-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazon) 1764-10-9 C22H17FN4O7
    1-(5-Fluor-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-enon-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazon)
    —— p-cresol-3,5-d2-OH 2213-77-6 C7H8O
    p-cresol-3,5-d2-OH
    —— 4-{[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}phenol 1453073-16-9 C13H10BrNO2
    4-{[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}phenol
    —— Coniferylalkohol-2-d1 34382-88-2 C10H12O3
    Coniferylalkohol-2-d1
    —— 1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-6H-isoxazolo-[5,4-d][2]-benzazepine hydrobromide 131753-28-1 BrH*C11H10N2O2
    1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-6H-isoxazolo-[5,4-d][2]-benzazepine hydrobromide
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyliden-hydrazono)-4-oxo-3-p-tolyl-thiazolidin 98654-77-4 C18H17N3O3S
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyliden-hydrazono)-4-oxo-3-p-tolyl-thiazolidin
    —— 28-hydro-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]monoquinone-17-ethylene ketal 386223-93-4 C30H28O6
    28-hydro-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]monoquinone-17-ethylene ketal
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1235837-32-7 C15H14N2O3
    N-[(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3,5-Diisopropoxy-2-methyl-phenol 215163-08-9 C13H20O3
    3,5-Diisopropoxy-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-amino-2-iodo-5-methyl-phenol 861619-94-5 C7H8INO
    4-amino-2-iodo-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 7-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)heptyl bromide 53545-42-9 C13H19BrO2
    7-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)heptyl bromide
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1,3-dion-dioxim 56686-30-7 C11H14N2O3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1,3-dion-dioxim
    —— 2,4,6-triallyl-benzene-1,3,5-triol 845827-52-3 C15H18O3
    2,4,6-triallyl-benzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— rac-2-methoxy-5-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-ylmethyl)phenol 1394174-39-0 C15H17NO2S
    rac-2-methoxy-5-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 148234-93-9 C17H19NO5
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 3-[2-[Bis[2-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyliminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 141233-06-9 C27H30N4O6
    3-[2-[Bis[2-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyliminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-4-carbothioic acid 4-hydroxy-anilide 106599-55-7 C22H17N3O3S
    3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-4-carbothioic acid 4-hydroxy-anilide
    —— 160748-58-3 C18H19ClN2O2
    —— 2-benzyloxy-5-methoxy-phenol 84354-18-7 C14H14O3
    2-benzyloxy-5-methoxy-phenol