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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-Nitro-3-hydroxy-1-propyl-benzol 872272-42-9 C9H11NO3
    6-Nitro-3-hydroxy-1-propyl-benzol
    —— 5-{4-[3,5-Bis(4-bromobutoxy)phenoxy]butoxy}benzene-1,3-diol 63605-00-5 C24H32Br2O6
    5-{4-[3,5-Bis(4-bromobutoxy)phenoxy]butoxy}benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (S)-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-6-p-tolylsulfinylphenol 613236-71-8 C16H18O4S
    (S)-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-6-p-tolylsulfinylphenol
    —— 2-[(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]phenolate 2780-47-4 C14H13NO3
    2-[(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]phenolate
    —— N-benzyl-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzothioamide 1132646-18-4 C14H12ClNOS
    N-benzyl-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzothioamide
    —— 2-heptyl-phloroglucinol 96756-20-6 C13H20O3
    2-heptyl-phloroglucinol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-3-methylurea 1141461-08-6 C10H14N2O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-3-methylurea
    —— 2-Cyano-5-methyl-hydrochinon 40930-87-8 C8H7NO2
    2-Cyano-5-methyl-hydrochinon
    —— methyl (2R)-2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 1370408-73-3 C10H11FO3
    methyl (2R)-2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— ethyl 2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 259543-80-1 C10H11FO3
    ethyl 2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-(3-methyl-3-butenyl)phenol 18272-69-0 C11H14O
    4-(3-methyl-3-butenyl)phenol
    —— N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide 1616693-62-9 C12H8ClN3O4
    N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide
    —— (2S,8S,14R,20R)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,11,17-tris(prop-2-enoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1469921-92-3 C56H74O11
    (2S,8S,14R,20R)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,11,17-tris(prop-2-enoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoyl Thiosemicarbazide 65043-12-1 C8H8N4O4S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoyl Thiosemicarbazide
    —— N-[2-[3,4-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide 185104-75-0 C30H28N2O6
    N-[2-[3,4-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— (1-(2-hydroxy)-phenyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl phosphonic diamide 112135-33-8 C10H17N2O2P
    (1-(2-hydroxy)-phenyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl phosphonic diamide
    —— N-octyl-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetamide 149555-55-5 C16H24N2O4
    N-octyl-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetamide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dipropylacetamide 101389-55-3 C14H20N2O4
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dipropylacetamide
    —— 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile 940307-96-0 C10H9NO
    1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile
    —— 26-Amino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-25,27-diol 141081-98-3 C44H57NO2
    26-Amino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-25,27-diol
    —— 2-Allyl-3-{(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl}-5-methoxy-6-methyl-benzene-1,4-diol 717916-74-0 C35H64O6Si2
    2-Allyl-3-{(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl}-5-methoxy-6-methyl-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-hydroxy-phenylmercury (1+); iodide 23000-08-0 C6H5HgIO
    2-hydroxy-phenylmercury (1+); iodide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobutyrophenone 91991-99-0 C10H10N2O6
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobutyrophenone
    —— 2-(heptan-4-yl)phenol 17404-43-2 C13H20O
    2-(heptan-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridazin-3-yl)-phenol 28858-18-6 C10H12N2O
    4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridazin-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 4,4'-(4-ethylisoxazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol 234093-08-4 C17H15NO3
    4,4'-(4-ethylisoxazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol
    —— 4-(4-decyl)phenol 17511-55-6 C16H26O
    4-(4-decyl)phenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-phenol 7182-48-1 C10H11NO
    4-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylcyanide 129295-69-8 C8H6N2O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylcyanide
    —— 4-nitro-2-(sulfanylmethyl)phenol 140920-74-7 C7H7NO3S
    4-nitro-2-(sulfanylmethyl)phenol
    —— 7,16-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane 77857-33-1 C26H36N4O10
    7,16-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one 59023-09-5 C10H11N3O4
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butyric acid 855223-81-3 C13H18O5
    4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butyric acid
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide 460060-12-2 C11H14N4O
    4,5-Dihydro-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide
    —— 4-oxo-4-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-<i>trans</i>-crotonic acid 34857-08-4 C11H10O4
    4-oxo-4-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-<i>trans</i>-crotonic acid
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-trityl-phenol 251478-76-9 C25H18Br2O
    2,6-dibromo-4-trityl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-2-oxopropanamide 1356929-86-6 C12H14BrNO3S
    3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-2-oxopropanamide
    —— o-Hydroxy-phenyl-methanphosphonsaeure 68997-87-5 C9H13O4P
    o-Hydroxy-phenyl-methanphosphonsaeure
    —— (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide 1356929-82-2 C13H17BrN2O3S
    (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide
    —— 2-fluoro-4-isopentyl-phenol 458-38-8 C11H15FO
    2-fluoro-4-isopentyl-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide 1314789-59-7 C12H15BrN2O3S
    (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide
    —— selenopsilocine 145050-44-8 C12H15NOSe
    selenopsilocine
    —— 4-trityl-resorcinol 34917-09-4 C25H20O2
    4-trityl-resorcinol
    —— 2-allyl-3-methylphenol 41389-11-1 C10H12O
    2-allyl-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-methyl.2.(1-methyl-2-propenyl)phenol 3698-42-8 C11H14O
    4-methyl.2.(1-methyl-2-propenyl)phenol
    —— p-hydroxyphenylphosphine 127802-85-1 C6H7OP
    p-hydroxyphenylphosphine
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)heptane 6863-24-7 C13H20O
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)heptane
    —— N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine 171515-38-1 C10H10F3NO2
    N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine
    —— N-[2-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide 293756-93-1 C9H8Br3NO2
    N-[2-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide
    —— 5-[5-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pentan-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 99237-52-2 C14H22O4
    5-[5-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pentan-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol