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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 21352-69-2 C23H20Hg2N4O8S2
    —— N,N-dimethyl-N'-(6-methylpyrid-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)ethylenediamine 779332-63-7 C18H24N4O3
    N,N-dimethyl-N'-(6-methylpyrid-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)ethylenediamine
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2,4-dichloro-6-iodo-phenol 876486-99-6 C6HBr2Cl2IO
    3,5-dibromo-2,4-dichloro-6-iodo-phenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide 91247-55-1 C11H15NO3
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-octylbutadiyne 372937-36-5 C18H22O
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-octylbutadiyne
    —— 4-[3-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]propyl]phenol 477290-19-0 C14H20O2
    4-[3-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]propyl]phenol
    —— β-ethynyltyramine hydrochloride 119998-51-5 C10H11NO*ClH
    β-ethynyltyramine hydrochloride
    —— 128192-80-3 C8H8N3OS*Cu
    —— 2-<2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(thiazolyl-(4))-vinyl>-benzimidazol 14625-25-3 C19H15N3O2S
    2-<2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(thiazolyl-(4))-vinyl>-benzimidazol
    —— 1.10-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)decane 10365-43-2 C24H34O4
    1.10-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)decane
    —— 2-(((4-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-5-methylphenol 1446148-30-6 C18H16N2O2S
    2-(((4-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-5-methylphenol
    —— (2S,3S)-3,5-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid 117103-23-8 C6H3N3O7*C15H19NO2
    (2S,3S)-3,5-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid
    —— 4,7-dimethoxy-3-(2-nitro-5-hydroxybenzylidene)phthalide 887645-01-4 C17H13NO7
    4,7-dimethoxy-3-(2-nitro-5-hydroxybenzylidene)phthalide
    —— 4-(1-bromoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1130234-46-6 C10H13BrO3
    4-(1-bromoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl]iminomethyl]phenol 127733-48-6 C15H14ClNO
    2-[[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-Ethoxy-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 72461-23-5 C10H14O4
    4-Ethoxy-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one-2,3-13C2 1375592-57-6 C11H12O4
    1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one-2,3-13C2
    —— 5-Butyl-3-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-2-methyl-phenol 132645-75-1 C19H34O2Si
    5-Butyl-3-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-3-(6-oxo-3(1H)-pyridazinylmethyl)phenol 105170-53-4 C12H12N2O3
    4-methoxy-3-(6-oxo-3(1H)-pyridazinylmethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione 140446-91-9 C9H8N4OS
    4-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione
    —— 2,6-bis-(2,6-dimethyl-morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 21594-94-5 C21H34N2O4
    2,6-bis-(2,6-dimethyl-morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-4-methoxybenzamide 1235578-30-9 C17H18N2O4
    N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— 1062672-64-3 C21H26N4OS
    —— 1310456-62-2 C6H5Cl*C44H56O4
    —— 3,5-Dibrom-4-benzyloxy-phenol 13670-72-9 C13H10Br2O2
    3,5-Dibrom-4-benzyloxy-phenol
    —— 4-Chlorindol-pikrat 68095-30-7 C6H3N3O7*C8H6ClN
    4-Chlorindol-pikrat
    —— dichloro-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-λ<sup>4</sup>-tellane 78083-65-5 C14H14Cl2O2Te
    dichloro-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-λ<sup>4</sup>-tellane
    —— N-[(1R,2S)-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)cyclohexanecarboxy]-α-L-fucopyranosylamine 1329602-60-9 C20H28N2O8
    N-[(1R,2S)-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)cyclohexanecarboxy]-α-L-fucopyranosylamine
    —— 1208324-03-1 C17H14Br2N4O4S
    —— 2-(((2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 86393-81-9 C15H23NO
    2-(((2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— N-salicylidene-2-thenylamine 83986-54-3 C12H11NOS
    N-salicylidene-2-thenylamine
    —— N-(1,3-diphenyl-4-propylene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazone 1095841-60-3 C25H22N4O2
    N-(1,3-diphenyl-4-propylene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazone
    —— (meso-α-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-[3,3',3'',3'''-(N,N,N',N''-tris(2-aminoethyl)amino)-(N'-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)tetrapropionylamino]phenyl)porphyrinato)iron(II) 877381-32-3 C69H63FeN13O7
    (meso-α-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-[3,3',3'',3'''-(N,N,N',N''-tris(2-aminoethyl)amino)-(N'-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)tetrapropionylamino]phenyl)porphyrinato)iron(II)
    —— 2-(1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-N-[(Z)-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide 477890-00-9 C14H19N3O5S
    2-(1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-N-[(Z)-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyundecane 150059-17-9 C18H30O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyundecane
    —— 1-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-7-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one 74882-34-1 C28H32O5
    1-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-7-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one
    —— 1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-ylidenmalononitrile 1246023-94-8 C22H18N2O4
    1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-ylidenmalononitrile
    —— 8-Nitro-4-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-2,3-benzodiazepin 20435-68-1 C17H15N3O4
    8-Nitro-4-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-2,3-benzodiazepin
    —— 2-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol 1261943-73-0 C12H12OS
    2-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— <1,5-Di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentyliden>-cyanacetamid 13612-50-5 C20H20N2O3
    <1,5-Di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentyliden>-cyanacetamid
    —— 4-(2-amino-6<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-5-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol 60912-88-1 C9H9N3O2S
    4-(2-amino-6<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-5-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-octen-(3) 20125-82-0 C14H20O
    2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-octen-(3)
    —— 3-Chlor-4-hydroxy-phenylisocyanat 54840-07-2 C7H4ClNO2
    3-Chlor-4-hydroxy-phenylisocyanat
    —— 4,4'-(6-octylsulfanyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-benzene-1,3-diol 1853-84-5 C23H27N3O4S
    4,4'-(6-octylsulfanyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-Benzylmercapto-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenol 111415-93-1 C16H18OS
    3-Benzylmercapto-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-(3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol-1,1-d(2) 21695-21-6 C16H26O2
    2-(3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol-1,1-d(2)
    —— o-(1-Ethylcyclohexyl)-p-nitrophenol 19381-99-8 C14H19NO3
    o-(1-Ethylcyclohexyl)-p-nitrophenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde O-benzyl-oxime 203257-90-3 C14H13NO2
    4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde O-benzyl-oxime
    —— (2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-phosphoramidic acid dipropyl ester 66258-51-3 C12H19N2O6P
    (2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-phosphoramidic acid dipropyl ester
    —— 2-hydroxyl-6-methoxy-N-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)benzamidine 929022-84-4 C18H22N2O2
    2-hydroxyl-6-methoxy-N-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)benzamidine