摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl [3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-trifluoromethylisoxazol-4-yl]carboxylate 219939-04-5 C12H7F4NO4
    methyl [3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-trifluoromethylisoxazol-4-yl]carboxylate
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(1-trifluoromethylvinylthio)phenol 136603-73-1 C10H9F3O2S
    3-methoxy-4-(1-trifluoromethylvinylthio)phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol 179632-69-0 C10H11F3O3
    2-methoxy-4-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-((E)-(isopropylimino)methyl)phenol 1268872-48-5 C10H12ClNO
    4-chloro-2-((E)-(isopropylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5-Hydroxyviloxazine 56305-63-6 C13H19NO4
    5-Hydroxyviloxazine
    —— (E)-1-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)pyridinium bromide 1339900-05-8 Br*C21H19BrNO2
    (E)-1-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)pyridinium bromide
    —— <i>N</i>-(3-amino-propyl)-butanediyldiamine; tripicrate 121316-68-5 3C6H3N3O7*C7H19N3
    <i>N</i>-(3-amino-propyl)-butanediyldiamine; tripicrate
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(p-tolylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 17927-79-6 C16H14N2O2S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(p-tolylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— 1-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-ethylamine 79881-61-1 C16H23NO
    1-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-ethylamine
    —— Oxim v. 2-Hydroxybenzoylacetamidin 59899-12-6 C9H11N3O3
    Oxim v. 2-Hydroxybenzoylacetamidin
    —— 2-(6-amino-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 664324-04-3 C14H12N2O2S
    2-(6-amino-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,4-dinitro-styrol 90084-99-4 C8H6N2O5
    2-Hydroxy-3,4-dinitro-styrol
    —— o-[4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(Z)-butenyl]phenol 58732-18-6 C11H14O2
    o-[4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(Z)-butenyl]phenol
    —— cobalt(II) 2,2'-((glutaroylbis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenolate 81421-22-9 C19H18N4O4*Co
    cobalt(II) 2,2'-((glutaroylbis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenolate
    —— 82056-88-0 C26H34Cl3MoN2O3
    —— (S)-tert-butyl (2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate 250281-92-6 C19H32BrNO4Si
    (S)-tert-butyl (2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate
    —— 1-dichloroacetyl-3-(3'-nitro-4'-hydroxy) phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine 119837-44-4 C12H11Cl2N3O4
    1-dichloroacetyl-3-(3'-nitro-4'-hydroxy) phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine
    —— 2-Methoxy-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzal)-anilin 57322-39-1 C15H15NO3
    2-Methoxy-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzal)-anilin
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-nonyloxypyrimidine 115770-82-6 C19H26N2O2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-nonyloxypyrimidine
    —— 1,7-Bis-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)heptan 10400-44-9 C21H28O2
    1,7-Bis-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)heptan
    —— 1-(5-Chlor-3-nitro-2-hydroxy-benzoyl)-2-isonicotinoyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-diaziridin 100733-15-1 C21H15ClN4O7
    1-(5-Chlor-3-nitro-2-hydroxy-benzoyl)-2-isonicotinoyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-diaziridin
    —— rccc-2,8,14,20-tetra-iso-butyl-5,11,17,23-tetrahydroxyresorc[4]arene 246046-48-0 C44H56O12
    rccc-2,8,14,20-tetra-iso-butyl-5,11,17,23-tetrahydroxyresorc[4]arene
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[16-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadec-7-yl]propan-1-one 74567-57-0 C30H42N2O8
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[16-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadec-7-yl]propan-1-one
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-o-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone) 382141-96-0 C23H20Cl2N6OS2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-o-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-2-ethyl-phenol 52016-71-4 C8H8Cl2O
    4,5-Dichloro-2-ethyl-phenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diaza-4-methylthio-5-thiahexa-1,3-diene 131294-50-3 C11H14N2O2S2
    1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diaza-4-methylthio-5-thiahexa-1,3-diene
    —— 3-<3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodphenyl>-propionsaeure-methylester 90842-76-5 C10H9I3O3
    3-<3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodphenyl>-propionsaeure-methylester
    —— 17646-38-7 C14H8FN5O3S
    —— 1,6-Bis-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,5-dinitro-hexadien-(1,5) 5079-80-1 C20H20N2O8
    1,6-Bis-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,5-dinitro-hexadien-(1,5)
    —— 4-butoxy-2-chloro-phenol 671779-10-5 C10H13ClO2
    4-butoxy-2-chloro-phenol
    —— nickel(2+);(6Z)-4-nitro-6-[[2-[[(Z)-(3-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]ethylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 15242-76-9 C16H14N4NiO6+2
    nickel(2+);(6Z)-4-nitro-6-[[2-[[(Z)-(3-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]ethylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— Trichlor-N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>acetamid 69039-04-9 C10H10Cl3NO3
    Trichlor-N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>acetamid
    —— [Pd(azido)(phenyl)(trimethylphosphine)2] 324079-94-9 C12H23N3P2Pd
    [Pd(azido)(phenyl)(trimethylphosphine)2]
    —— 6,6'-((cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-bromo-2-nitrophenol) 943220-32-4 C20H18Br2N4O6
    6,6'-((cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-bromo-2-nitrophenol)
    —— 2-(1-Isopropylsulfanyl-allyl)-phenol 124313-21-9 C12H16OS
    2-(1-Isopropylsulfanyl-allyl)-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (1(2)<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-yl)-hydrazone 56929-42-1 C8H8N6O
    2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (1(2)<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-yl)-hydrazone
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N'-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboximidamide 1289205-09-9 C15H15N5O3
    1-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N'-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboximidamide
    —— (E)-1-(2′-hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 76554-26-2 C16H15NO4
    (E)-1-(2′-hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-{1-hydroxy-2-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propylamino]-ethyl}-benzene-1,2-diol 111472-49-2 C16H27N3O3
    4-{1-hydroxy-2-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propylamino]-ethyl}-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole 155721-26-9 C20H21NO8
    5-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 1-(R)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylbutylamino) ethanol oxalate salt 186303-23-1 C2H2O4*C13H21NO4S
    1-(R)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylbutylamino) ethanol oxalate salt
    —— 3-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-chloro-5-trifluoromethylisothiazole 374780-01-5 C10H3Cl2F4NOS
    3-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-chloro-5-trifluoromethylisothiazole
    —— 6-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptene 133276-35-4 C20H25NO3
    6-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptene
    —— 2-amino-5-(3,4,5-tri-hydroxy)-benzyl-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole 154347-62-3 C9H9N3O3S2
    2-amino-5-(3,4,5-tri-hydroxy)-benzyl-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-methylphenol 1428317-36-5 C13H22OSi
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 1622386-24-6 C19H20N4O8
    —— Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-[(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)oxy]- 1099470-57-1 C19H32O3
    Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-[(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)oxy]-
    —— <i>N</i>-(5-chloro-thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide 74688-65-6 C10H6ClN3O4S
    <i>N</i>-(5-chloro-thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide
    —— 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2-((((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-2-((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol 130147-62-5 C29H33N3O5
    2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2-((((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-2-((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol
    —— 2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)-6-methoxyphenol 1374575-89-9 C13H18O3Si
    2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)-6-methoxyphenol