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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-bromo-4-(1,2-dibromo-propyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 40446-85-3 C10H11Br3O2
    2-bromo-4-(1,2-dibromo-propyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— N,N′-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-2,3-diaminopyridine 1255303-78-6 C19H13Br2N3O2
    N,N′-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-2,3-diaminopyridine
    —— ferrocenyl-1,4-hydroquinone 887281-17-6 C16H14FeO2
    ferrocenyl-1,4-hydroquinone
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-tributylstannylisoxazole 141993-06-8 C21H33NO2Sn
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-tributylstannylisoxazole
    —— (E)-4-Methoxy-2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol 1400582-30-0 C12H18N2O2
    (E)-4-Methoxy-2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— salicylaldehyde-2-furanthiocarboxyhydrazone 95399-61-4 C12H10N2O2S
    salicylaldehyde-2-furanthiocarboxyhydrazone
    —— salicylaldehyde-N(4)-diethylthiosemicarbazone 1562062-43-4 C12H17N3OS
    salicylaldehyde-N(4)-diethylthiosemicarbazone
    —— 2-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol 211056-74-5 C12H17NO4
    2-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol
    —— 3-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-8H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-6-yl]acrylic acid methyl ester 1200638-83-0 C20H15NO5S
    3-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-8H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-6-yl]acrylic acid methyl ester
    —— Atranol-4-(m-tolyl)thiosemicarbazone 21236-35-1 C16H17N3O2S
    Atranol-4-(m-tolyl)thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-propen-(1)-yl-6-hydroxymethylphenol 22039-56-1 C11H14O3
    2-Methoxy-4-propen-(1)-yl-6-hydroxymethylphenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethoxy-2-{[(E)-2-pyridin-2-yl-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 112359-97-4 C16H18N2O3
    3,5-Dimethoxy-2-{[(E)-2-pyridin-2-yl-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— α-(2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-09-6 C12H14F3NO3
    α-(2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)-iminomethyl]phenol 2276-86-0 C9H10ClNO2
    4-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)-iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl)acetic acid 1803850-80-7 C9H6F4O3
    2-(4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl)acetic acid
    —— 4-[4-Hexoxy-3-(hexoxymethyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-methylbutyl]phenol 1595262-57-9 C31H48O4
    4-[4-Hexoxy-3-(hexoxymethyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-methylbutyl]phenol
    —— 5-[2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-cycloocten-1-one 471279-52-4 C17H22O3
    5-[2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-cycloocten-1-one
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4-pyridinediamine 756492-97-4 C19H15N3O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4-pyridinediamine
    —— 2-fluoroisoproterenol oxalate 81441-16-9 C2H2O4*2C11H16FNO3
    2-fluoroisoproterenol oxalate
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-2,4-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyphenethylamin 35046-36-7 C19H25NO5
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-2,4-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyphenethylamin
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4,7-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane 193804-61-4 C21H37N3O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4,7-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
    —— 2'-hydroxy-5'-methylacetophenone imine 33598-02-6 C9H11NO
    2'-hydroxy-5'-methylacetophenone imine
    —— <N-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzoyl)amino>acetaldehyde diethyl acetal 94295-84-8 C13H18N2O6
    <N-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzoyl)amino>acetaldehyde diethyl acetal
    —— 6-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one 1010800-90-4 C10H8F2N2O2
    6-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one
    —— N-[2-(3-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionamide 35714-29-5 C20H24BrNO5
    N-[2-(3-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionamide
    —— 2,2'-(1,7-heptanediylbisnitrilomethylidine)bis(4-hydroxyphenolato)nickel(II) 1416548-28-1 C21H24N2NiO4
    2,2'-(1,7-heptanediylbisnitrilomethylidine)bis(4-hydroxyphenolato)nickel(II)
    —— O,O'-Dideutero-resorcin 20666-98-2 C6H6O2
    O,O'-Dideutero-resorcin
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl 626206-35-7 C13H16N3O4
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl
    —— N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,2-diaminopropane 326475-31-4 C17H18N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,2-diaminopropane
    —— 2-[(3-methylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol 101512-38-3 C11H16N2O
    2-[(3-methylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 1085234-36-1 C12H11BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 1051911-84-2 C56H46N4O13S4
    —— 2-hydroxyacetophenone-S-benzyldithiocarbazate 42204-03-5 C16H16N2OS2
    2-hydroxyacetophenone-S-benzyldithiocarbazate
    —— 5-methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenone 4-N,N-dimethyl thiosemicarbazone 96860-32-1 C12H17N3OS
    5-methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenone 4-N,N-dimethyl thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl thiocyanate 101836-20-8 C10H11NOS
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl thiocyanate
    —— 2-Dimethylamino-5-ethylsulfanyl-4-nitro-phenol 56025-01-5 C10H14N2O3S
    2-Dimethylamino-5-ethylsulfanyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 14650-32-9 C22H6Br4Cl10O2
    —— 75931-17-8 C16H14N2NiO4
    —— diisopropyl (1-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(prop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl)-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate 1201808-96-9 C21H34NO6P
    diisopropyl (1-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(prop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl)-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonate
    —— 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-ethyloxime 113079-60-0 C9H11NO2
    4-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-ethyloxime
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(1,2-dibromopropyl)phenol 1448-81-3 C10H12Br2O2
    2-Methoxy-4-(1,2-dibromopropyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(E)-Isopropylimino-methyl]-phenol 135609-63-1 C10H13NO
    2-[(E)-Isopropylimino-methyl]-phenol
    —— ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 359450-51-4 C15H19N3O4
    ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— N,N'-ethylene-bis(4-methoxy-salicylideneamine) 157982-82-6 C18H20N2O4
    N,N'-ethylene-bis(4-methoxy-salicylideneamine)
    —— (R)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1-butanol 34096-94-1 C11H15NO2
    (R)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1-butanol
    —— (E)-5-Methoxy-2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol 1400582-29-7 C12H18N2O2
    (E)-5-Methoxy-2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5-(2-{[1-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 40166-87-8 C24H25NO4
    5-(2-{[1-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— nicotinic acid amide; picrate 609-95-0 C6H3N3O7*C6H6N2O
    nicotinic acid amide; picrate
    —— 6-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-5-methoxy-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 27086-06-2 C17H17NO5
    6-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-5-methoxy-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-(4,6-dichloro-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-5-methyl-phenol 29453-47-2 C10H7Cl3N4O
    4-chloro-2-(4,6-dichloro-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-5-methyl-phenol