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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-((3,5-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 303769-54-2 C15H15NO2
    3-((3,5-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-amino-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile 1208237-23-3 C8H8N2O2
    2-amino-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— 4-(1-Azido-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenol 1602485-00-6 C9H8F3N3O
    4-(1-Azido-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenylacetonitrile 33901-23-4 C9H9NO2
    2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenylacetonitrile
    —— (Z)-5-(3,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1362738-30-4 C10H7NO4S
    (Z)-5-(3,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(β-isobutyramidoethyl)aminoethanol 56443-18-6 C14H22N2O4
    1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(β-isobutyramidoethyl)aminoethanol
    —— N-[2-[[3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide 76167-02-7 C15H24N2O5
    N-[2-[[3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— N-<2-<<2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>amino>ethyl>-2-methylpropanamide 56443-16-4 C14H22N2O3
    N-<2-<<2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>amino>ethyl>-2-methylpropanamide
    —— β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionamide 1132-49-6 C9H11NO3
    β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionamide
    —— Isosyringaalkohol 102370-08-1 C9H12O4
    Isosyringaalkohol
    —— (R)-(+)-4-hydroxyphenyloxirane 1176829-46-1 C8H8O2
    (R)-(+)-4-hydroxyphenyloxirane
    —— 2-ethyl-4-methyl-resorcinol 412018-53-2 C9H12O2
    2-ethyl-4-methyl-resorcinol
    —— (R,S)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-2',6'-dimethylphenyl)-propanoic acid ethyl ester 254102-29-9 C14H17NO3
    (R,S)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-2',6'-dimethylphenyl)-propanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— Phenol, 2-[2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfinyl]ethyl]- 62296-39-3 C12H18O2S
    Phenol, 2-[2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfinyl]ethyl]-
    —— N-[2-[3,5-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 188662-16-0 C31H31NO5
    N-[2-[3,5-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 4-(3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridec-1-yloxy)phenol 845910-52-3 C15H24O6
    4-(3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridec-1-yloxy)phenol
    —— trans-N-n-Hexyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenoxy)acrylamide 136944-37-1 C15H21NO4
    trans-N-n-Hexyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenoxy)acrylamide
    —— 4-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]benzene-1,2-diol 1271728-03-0 C16H13NO4
    4-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(2-phosphonoethyl)catechol 1194473-18-1 C8H11O5P
    4-(2-phosphonoethyl)catechol
    —— 3,4,4'-trihydroxypulvinone 131146-40-2 C17H12O6
    3,4,4'-trihydroxypulvinone
    —— danshensu isopropyl ester 950665-05-1 C12H16O5
    danshensu isopropyl ester
    —— (S)-isopropyl 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate 1280727-98-1 C12H16O5
    (S)-isopropyl 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 4,5-dibenzyloxy-2-dimethylaminomethylphenol 157259-31-9 C23H25NO3
    4,5-dibenzyloxy-2-dimethylaminomethylphenol
    —— [4-(3,4-dihydrophenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-furan-2-ylidene](4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 25287-88-1 C18H12O8
    [4-(3,4-dihydrophenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-furan-2-ylidene](4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 4-nonylcatechol 123063-35-4 C15H24O2
    4-nonylcatechol
    —— 4-n-Tridecyl-brenzkatechin 78844-07-2 C19H32O2
    4-n-Tridecyl-brenzkatechin
    —— 2-[2-[4-Methoxy-2,6-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethynyl]-4,5-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenol 344303-12-4 C43H36O6
    2-[2-[4-Methoxy-2,6-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethynyl]-4,5-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenol
    —— 3-bromo-4-propoxyphenol 191983-34-3 C9H11BrO2
    3-bromo-4-propoxyphenol
    —— 2-amino-6-{[3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino}-5-nitroso-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 100840-75-3 C13H15N5O4
    2-amino-6-{[3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino}-5-nitroso-4(3H)-pyrimidinone
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-(propan-2-YL)phenol 499-79-6 C10H14O2
    2-Methoxy-5-(propan-2-YL)phenol
    —— 5-trimethylsilyl-2-methylphenol 825652-12-8 C10H16OSi
    5-trimethylsilyl-2-methylphenol
    —— (S)(+)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid 95670-87-4 C10H15NO2*ClH
    (S)(+)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid
    —— 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 1042703-32-1 C8H6F2O3
    2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— ethyl 2-(2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl)acetate 1224103-68-7 C13H14F2O3
    ethyl 2-(2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl)acetate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 130707-84-5 C15H25N5O3
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyric acid hydrazide 425675-10-1 C10H14N2O2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyric acid hydrazide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexan-1-one 61078-48-6 C13H14O2
    2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexan-1-one
    —— (R)(-)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid 95670-88-5 C10H15NO2*ClH
    (R)(-)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 5351-82-6 C8H8N4O3S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(buten-(3)-yl)-phenol 60995-70-2 C12H16O
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-(buten-(3)-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-Allyloxy-2-((E)-propenyl)-phenol 887650-51-3 C12H14O2
    4-Allyloxy-2-((E)-propenyl)-phenol
    —— N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine 31493-49-9 C14H21NO4
    N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine
    —— 14,29-Dimethyl-3,10,18,25-tetrazatricyclo[25.3.1.112,16]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27(31),28-hexaene-31,32-diol 750595-41-6 C30H48N4O2
    14,29-Dimethyl-3,10,18,25-tetrazatricyclo[25.3.1.112,16]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27(31),28-hexaene-31,32-diol
    —— JC010 1257404-72-0 C16H26N2O3
    JC010
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5Hfuro[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-42-3 C15H13N3O4
    4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5Hfuro[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo-[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-41-2 C14H10BrN3O3
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo-[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-43-4 C14H9Br2N3O3
    4-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-40-1 C15H12BrN3O4
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-5-methyl-hydroquinone 99180-04-8 C9H11BrO2
    2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-5-methyl-hydroquinone
    —— Olivetol-d9 137125-92-9 C11H16O2
    Olivetol-d9