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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methoxysalicylidene-(2-{2-[2-(3-methoxysalicylidene-amino)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-amine 167899-11-8 C22H28N2O6
    3-methoxysalicylidene-(2-{2-[2-(3-methoxysalicylidene-amino)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-amine
    —— 2-(β-morpholinoethyl)-5-benzotriazole picrate 94106-52-2 C6H3N3O7*C14H20N4O2
    2-(β-morpholinoethyl)-5-benzotriazole picrate
    —— 4-chloro-aniline; picrate 13047-84-2 C6H3N3O7*C6H6ClN
    4-chloro-aniline; picrate
    —— 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-thiazolo[3,2-<i>a</i>][1,3]diazepin-3-yl)-phenol 63821-49-8 C13H14N2OS
    4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-thiazolo[3,2-<i>a</i>][1,3]diazepin-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(N-cyclohexylethanimidoyl)-5-methoxyphenol 720669-01-2 C15H21NO2
    2-(N-cyclohexylethanimidoyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— NN'-di-isopropyl-O-phenylisourea picrate 87944-19-2 C6H3N3O7*C13H20N2O
    NN'-di-isopropyl-O-phenylisourea picrate
    —— 1-pentyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-37-7 C6H3N3O7*C9H15N3O2
    1-pentyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— 2-(4-ethyl-6-phenyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-phenol 5113-37-1 C17H15N3O
    2-(4-ethyl-6-phenyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-[3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino]-1-phenylpropoxy]phenethyl acetate 1615654-51-7 C25H33NO5
    4-[3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino]-1-phenylpropoxy]phenethyl acetate
    —— tetrakis(N-salicylidene)ethanetetracarboxylic acid tetrahydrazide 1174374-99-2 C34H30N8O8
    tetrakis(N-salicylidene)ethanetetracarboxylic acid tetrahydrazide
    —— 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylcyclohex-2-en-1-one 25960-27-4 C18H16O2
    3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— di-[2]pyridyl-amine; picrate 13017-86-2 C6H3N3O7*C10H9N3
    di-[2]pyridyl-amine; picrate
    —— N-methyl-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate 92027-62-8 C5H13NO2*C6H3N3O7
    N-methyl-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— Picric acid; compound with (1R,2R,3S)-1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-diaziridine 113350-81-5 C6H3N3O7*C10H14N2
    Picric acid; compound with (1R,2R,3S)-1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-diaziridine
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, 2-bromo-3-fluoro-5-hydroxy- 1807172-98-0 C8H6BrFO3
    Benzeneacetic acid, 2-bromo-3-fluoro-5-hydroxy-
    —— N-(3-Nitro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-pyridiniumchlorid 21078-41-1 C12H11N2O3*Cl
    N-(3-Nitro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-pyridiniumchlorid
    —— 2-(1-isopropylthio-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-methylphenol 126476-81-1 C15H22OS
    2-(1-isopropylthio-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile 117616-63-4 C16H13N5O3
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile
    —— 1-(β-benzylaminoethyl)-5-ethoxybenzotriazole dipicrate 94120-39-5 2C6H3N3O7*C17H20N4O
    1-(β-benzylaminoethyl)-5-ethoxybenzotriazole dipicrate
    —— 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl)-1,3-dimethyl-1<i>H</i>-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-dione 41519-85-1 C14H15N3O4
    6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl)-1,3-dimethyl-1<i>H</i>-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-dione
    —— N-Salicyliden-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucit 19124-25-5 C13H19NO6
    N-Salicyliden-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucit
    —— 1-ethyl-2-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-33-3 C5H7N3O2*C6H3N3O7
    1-ethyl-2-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— 1050432-49-9 C14H18N2O3S
    —— 2,6-pyrido-18-crown-6*H2O*picric acid 99747-91-8 C6H3N3O7*C15H23NO5*H2O
    2,6-pyrido-18-crown-6*H2O*picric acid
    —— 7-(4,5-dihydro-1-acetyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazol-3-yl)-8-{(E)-2-{(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethen-1-yl}}-2,4-dimethyl-1,5,6,8a,9-pentaazafluorene 1583301-97-6 C31H29N7O5
    7-(4,5-dihydro-1-acetyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazol-3-yl)-8-{(E)-2-{(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethen-1-yl}}-2,4-dimethyl-1,5,6,8a,9-pentaazafluorene
    —— N,N-dimethyl(2-formylphenyl)methylamine picrate 101168-41-6 C6H3N3O7*C10H13NO
    N,N-dimethyl(2-formylphenyl)methylamine picrate
    —— 5-(Salicyliden)-3-methylisorhodanin 32085-68-0 C11H9NO2S2
    5-(Salicyliden)-3-methylisorhodanin
    —— 2-{2-[(6-bromo-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-ethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 39878-22-3 C17H18BrNO4
    2-{2-[(6-bromo-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-ethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3,6-dideuterio-4-(1-deuterio-1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 51460-27-6 C9H13NO3
    3,6-dideuterio-4-(1-deuterio-1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)malonodihydrazone 1062484-67-6 C19H18N6O8
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)malonodihydrazone
    —— [(3aS,4E,5S,6aR)-4-ethylidene-2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]acetic acid 2-[4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethyl ester 951377-85-8 C26H40O5Si
    [(3aS,4E,5S,6aR)-4-ethylidene-2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]acetic acid 2-[4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethyl ester
    —— 2-[(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(4-p-tolyl-thiazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-cyclohexanone 77203-97-5 C23H22Br2N2O2S
    2-[(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(4-p-tolyl-thiazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-cyclohexanone
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionsaeureamid 21411-22-3 C20H25NO6
    N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionsaeureamid
    —— <i>p</i>-anisidine; picrate 13047-82-0 C6H3N3O7*C7H9NO
    <i>p</i>-anisidine; picrate
    —— N-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenylacetamid 53544-09-5 C25H27NO5
    N-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenylacetamid
    —— N-(salicylaldimine)-N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine 943519-17-3 C15H25N3O
    N-(salicylaldimine)-N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine
    —— 4-[(Benzylamino)-[dimethoxy(oxido)phosphaniumyl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol 1631958-99-0 C16H20NO5P
    4-[(Benzylamino)-[dimethoxy(oxido)phosphaniumyl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazolium picrate 24647-68-5 C5H7N3O2*C6H3N3O7
    1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— trans-2-Crotyl-6-ethyl-phenol 22575-39-9 C12H16O
    trans-2-Crotyl-6-ethyl-phenol
    —— 1337992-52-5 C18H20O5
    —— 3-(3-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene 1354931-89-7 C14H14N2O2
    3-(3-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene
    —— 189756-59-0 C12H12N2O4Sn
    —— 4-[[3-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenyl]iminomethyl]benzene-1,3-diol 717824-31-2 C21H18N2O4
    4-[[3-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenyl]iminomethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (1S,7aS)-1-(trifluoromethyl)hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine compound with picric acid (1:1) 1213238-96-0 C6H3N3O7*C8H12F3N
    (1S,7aS)-1-(trifluoromethyl)hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— 1312944-88-9 C6H3N3O7*C11H9N3O
    —— methyl 3-amino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-α-L-erythro-hexopyranoside picrate 73208-36-3 C6H3N3O7*C7H15NO2
    methyl 3-amino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-α-L-erythro-hexopyranoside picrate
    —— phenyl-hydrazine; salt of/the/ picric acid 117765-80-7 C6H3N3O7*C6H8N2
    phenyl-hydrazine; salt of/the/ picric acid
    —— tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzyl[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]carbamate 299189-15-4 C22H28N2O7
    tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzyl[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol 1403688-45-8 C15H15NO3
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— trans-4-[N-(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 93673-22-4 C15H19NO4
    trans-4-[N-(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid