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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1389250-17-2 C18H11Br2N3O2S
    —— 1453269-81-2 C19H15NO3S
    —— 6-chloro-2,3-difluoro-4-methoxyphenol 1600530-34-4 C7H5ClF2O2
    6-chloro-2,3-difluoro-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2,3-Difluorobenzyloxy)phenol 223104-40-3 C13H10F2O2
    4-(2,3-Difluorobenzyloxy)phenol
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1235578-05-8 C15H13N3O4
    N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2,6-Dibromo-4-[(phenylimino)methyl]phenol 16434-99-4 C13H9Br2NO
    2,6-Dibromo-4-[(phenylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 6-(5'-Chloro-2'-hydroxybenzylidineamino)uracil 88351-91-1 C11H8ClN3O3
    6-(5'-Chloro-2'-hydroxybenzylidineamino)uracil
    —— 4,4'-methylenebis(2-nitro-3,6-dimethylphenol) 1021497-23-3 C17H18N2O6
    4,4'-methylenebis(2-nitro-3,6-dimethylphenol)
    —— 129352-35-8 C14H18N3OS2*Na
    —— 5-benzyl-3-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1036384-90-3 C18H19NO2
    5-benzyl-3-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— (2S)-amino(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile 381241-13-0 C8H8N2O
    (2S)-amino(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— phenyl N'-(propan-2-ylideneamino)carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 79163-04-5 C6H3N3O7*C10H13N3S
    phenyl N'-(propan-2-ylideneamino)carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2,6-diiodo-4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]phenol 1031401-11-2 C11H8F6I2O3
    2,6-diiodo-4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]phenol
    —— N-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)propyl]propionamide 1227951-58-7 C13H19NO3
    N-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)propyl]propionamide
    —— 4-(2-amino-[1,1-<sup>3</sup><i>H</i>]ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 70097-41-5 C8H11NO2
    4-(2-amino-[1,1-<sup>3</sup><i>H</i>]ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenolate 150374-01-9 C10H13O2
    4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenolate
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(4-nitrobutyl)phenol 108185-86-0 C11H15NO4
    2-methoxy-4-(4-nitrobutyl)phenol
    —— 3-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-propionic acid methyl ester 80314-45-0 C11H11Br2NO4
    3-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 6-(1',3'-Dithian-2'-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzdioxol 86989-65-3 C11H12O4S2
    6-(1',3'-Dithian-2'-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzdioxol
    —— N,N'-bis(5-nitrobenzaldehyde)-2-aminobenzylamine 1337912-80-7 C21H16N4O6
    N,N'-bis(5-nitrobenzaldehyde)-2-aminobenzylamine
    —— 2-[(3-cyclohexylaminopropylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 944934-09-2 C17H26N2O2
    2-[(3-cyclohexylaminopropylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[5-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-pentyloxy]-benzoic acid 150566-22-6 C18H20O5
    4-[5-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-pentyloxy]-benzoic acid
    —— 6-Bromo-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 351379-14-1 C8H9BrO3
    6-Bromo-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (1R,2R)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxylate 1435277-37-4 C13H16O3
    (1R,2R)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenoxyl 81119-52-0 C9H11O2
    4-Hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenoxyl
    —— 5-Chloro-6-ethyl-N-[2-[2-methyl-4-[2-(phenylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-4-pyrimidinamine 105708-07-4 C24H28ClN3O2
    5-Chloro-6-ethyl-N-[2-[2-methyl-4-[2-(phenylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-4-pyrimidinamine
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]piperidine-1-carbothioamide 60033-77-4 C13H17N3OS
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]piperidine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 34418-36-5 C12H16N2O3
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-isoxazolcarbonsaeuremethylester 60640-64-4 C11H9NO4
    5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-isoxazolcarbonsaeuremethylester
    —— 183246-99-3 C22H24CuN2O6
    —— 1-(allyloxy)-2,3-dihydroxy benzene 58169-20-3 C9H10O3
    1-(allyloxy)-2,3-dihydroxy benzene
    —— 3,5-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one 342807-90-3 C19H16O4
    3,5-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one
    —— (+/-)-3-Diaethylamino-1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propan 93309-62-7 C13H21NO2
    (+/-)-3-Diaethylamino-1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propan
    —— 2.3-dinitro-hydroquinone-monomethyl ether 15174-25-1 C7H6N2O6
    2.3-dinitro-hydroquinone-monomethyl ether
    —— <i>N</i>-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino)-<i>N</i>'-nitro-guanidine 98488-88-1 C8H9N5O4
    <i>N</i>-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino)-<i>N</i>'-nitro-guanidine
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-2-oxopentanamide 1374640-40-0 C14H19NO3
    N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-2-oxopentanamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-(4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl)benzamidine 101207-64-1 C17H18N2O5
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-(4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl)benzamidine
    —— 1389250-14-9 C10H8BrN3O2S
    —— 4-nitro-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal 203179-05-9 C9H11NO5
    4-nitro-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal
    —— 2-Dichloromethyl-5-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 95853-56-8 C9H6Cl2N2O2
    2-Dichloromethyl-5-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 3-<3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden>-6-nitro-phthallid 57319-63-8 C16H11NO6
    3-<3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden>-6-nitro-phthallid
    —— 3-(2-tert-Butyl-oxaziridin-3-yl)-phenol 130995-64-1 C11H15NO2
    3-(2-tert-Butyl-oxaziridin-3-yl)-phenol
    —— ethyl [(2-fluoro-5-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate 672931-24-7 C11H13FO3S
    ethyl [(2-fluoro-5-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate
    —— α-Methoxy-<5-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-essigsaeuremethylester 14211-28-0 C10H11NO6
    α-Methoxy-<5-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-essigsaeuremethylester
    —— 4-Hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-<(2,6-dioxo-piperidyl-4)-acetyl>-benzol-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazon) 25395-01-1 C21H21N5O7
    4-Hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-<(2,6-dioxo-piperidyl-4)-acetyl>-benzol-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazon)
    —— (+/-)-2-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,8a<i>t</i>)-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3a<i>H</i>-cycloheptoxazole; picrate 110534-90-2 C6H3N3O7*C14H17NO
    (+/-)-2-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,8a<i>t</i>)-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3a<i>H</i>-cycloheptoxazole; picrate
    —— methyl 15-(2-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pentadecanoate 111755-20-5 C25H42O6
    methyl 15-(2-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pentadecanoate
    —— 4-((4-Chlorobenzyl)oxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 393117-22-1 C22H19ClN2O4
    4-((4-Chlorobenzyl)oxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 4,4,7,9,9-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a-decahydro-7,10a-methanocycloocta<c,d>indazole mono-picrate 129609-98-9 C6H3N3O7*C18H28N2
    4,4,7,9,9-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a-decahydro-7,10a-methanocycloocta<c,d>indazole mono-picrate
    —— Co(H-SDAPE) 64444-10-6 C20H22CoN2O3
    Co(H-SDAPE)