摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-methoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-isoxazol-3-yl]-phenol 66780-74-3 C15H14N2O3S
    5-methoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-isoxazol-3-yl]-phenol
    —— 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde-semicarbazone 104700-69-8 C8H7Br2N3O2
    3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde-semicarbazone
    —— 3-{(E)-[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl}-4-nitrophenol 1252004-25-3 C14H12N2O3
    3-{(E)-[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl}-4-nitrophenol
    —— 1261386-16-6 C21H26Cl2N4O3
    —— 2-[(E)-Cyclopentyliminomethyl]-4,6-diiodo-phenol 20099-21-2 C12H13I2NO
    2-[(E)-Cyclopentyliminomethyl]-4,6-diiodo-phenol
    —— (R)-1,3-dimethyl-5-p-tolyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-8-ol 1257243-86-9 C18H19NO
    (R)-1,3-dimethyl-5-p-tolyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-8-ol
    —— 5-Br-2-OH-C6H3CH=NC6F5 26672-09-3 C13H5BrF5NO
    5-Br-2-OH-C6H3CH=NC6F5
    —— N-(3-bromo-5-methoxysalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline 1000414-99-2 C25H22BrNO4
    N-(3-bromo-5-methoxysalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline
    —— 2-(4,6-dimethyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol 6773-28-0 C12H13N3O
    2-(4,6-dimethyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-[2-[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyliminomethyl]-6-methoxy-4-thiophen-2-ylphenol 1093119-69-7 C28H28N2O4S4
    2-[2-[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyliminomethyl]-6-methoxy-4-thiophen-2-ylphenol
    —— (S)-4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenol 730984-83-5 C9H10O3
    (S)-4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenol
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N'-[1-methyl-pyrrolidin-(2E)-ylidene]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxamidine 75357-98-1 C16H22N4O
    N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N'-[1-methyl-pyrrolidin-(2E)-ylidene]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxamidine
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylbutyl)-phenol 6465-62-9 C13H18N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylbutyl)-phenol
    —— N-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxy-4-nitroaniline 881010-51-1 C14H10N2O5
    N-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxy-4-nitroaniline
    —— 4,5-bis(4-(salicylideneimino)phenyl)-4',5'-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene 1246173-48-7 C34H24N2O2S6
    4,5-bis(4-(salicylideneimino)phenyl)-4',5'-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene
    —— 5,17-bis(aminodiethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene 879885-84-4 C44H60N2O10P2
    5,17-bis(aminodiethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7,9-diphenyl-1,2,6,8,9-pentaaza-spiro[4.5]deca-1,7-dien-10-one 82059-87-8 C23H19N5O2
    4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7,9-diphenyl-1,2,6,8,9-pentaaza-spiro[4.5]deca-1,7-dien-10-one
    —— 2,6-difluoro-4-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]phenol 960287-97-2 C7H5F2NO2
    2,6-difluoro-4-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol 7167-64-8 C11H13NO
    2-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— N'-{[2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)]phenylmethylene}-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-acethydrazide hydrochloride 1206789-65-2 C22H24N4O3*ClH
    N'-{[2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)]phenylmethylene}-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-acethydrazide hydrochloride
    —— 5,6-dimethyl-2-ethynyl-3-iodohydroquinone 223463-21-6 C10H9IO2
    5,6-dimethyl-2-ethynyl-3-iodohydroquinone
    —— 130147-57-8 C29H33N3O4
    —— 1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-N-[1-(4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]propan-2-amine 1033425-31-8 C13H15Cl3N2O3
    1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-N-[1-(4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]propan-2-amine
    —— 4,8-Dihydroxy-cinnolin-5-sulfonsaeure-kaliumsalz 17750-13-9 C8H5N2O5S*K
    4,8-Dihydroxy-cinnolin-5-sulfonsaeure-kaliumsalz
    —— 4-[(1,9-ditert-butyl-3,7-dimethyl-5H-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocin-11-yl)oxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 99319-36-5 C32H48NO3P
    4-[(1,9-ditert-butyl-3,7-dimethyl-5H-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocin-11-yl)oxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
    —— 90963-49-8 C15H14BN3O4
    —— Phenol, 2-bromo-6-[[(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)imino]methyl]-, cis- 54942-93-7 C13H16BrNO2
    Phenol, 2-bromo-6-[[(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)imino]methyl]-, cis-
    —— 2-methyl-5-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1033725-01-7 C14H11N3O2
    2-methyl-5-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— N-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-isobutyramide 56443-20-0 C14H22N2O3
    N-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-isobutyramide
    —— 2-methyl-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenol 42001-20-7 C16H23NO
    2-methyl-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxybenzaldehyde 160820-44-0 C10H12O5
    2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (2'S,4'R,6'S)-2'-(2''-thien-2'''-yl-ethyl)-6'-(4''''-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4'-yl acetate 1440430-72-7 C19H22O4S
    (2'S,4'R,6'S)-2'-(2''-thien-2'''-yl-ethyl)-6'-(4''''-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4'-yl acetate
    —— (1R,5S)-3-[2-ethyl-5-(furan-3-yl)phenyl]-4-hydroxybicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one 1090512-04-1 C20H20O3
    (1R,5S)-3-[2-ethyl-5-(furan-3-yl)phenyl]-4-hydroxybicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one
    —— 4-(2-Methoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo<3.1.1>hept-3-en-2-one 130799-46-1 C16H18O3
    4-(2-Methoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo<3.1.1>hept-3-en-2-one
    —— 5-(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide 1223584-55-1 C26H30N2O3S
    5-(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide
    —— 8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[d]azepine-1,1'-inden]-4(5H)-one 146471-00-3 C19H19NO3
    8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[d]azepine-1,1'-inden]-4(5H)-one
    —— 4-isoxazol-5-ylphenol 502658-76-6 C9H7NO2
    4-isoxazol-5-ylphenol
    —— N-[2-(2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide 96917-02-1 C18H20BrNO5
    N-[2-(2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— 4-{5-[5-(4-bromophenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}benzene-1,3-diol 1447735-09-2 C18H11BrN2O2S2
    4-{5-[5-(4-bromophenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[4,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-4-iodo-6-methylphenol 1392406-70-0 C14H18IN5O
    2-[4,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-4-iodo-6-methylphenol
    —— N-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)acetamide 1443011-80-0 C15H13N3O6
    N-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[[4-[2-[3,4-Bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]ethyl]-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 863134-80-9 C42H34N4O4
    2-[[4-[2-[3,4-Bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]ethyl]-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[4-(4-Hydroxymethyl-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-yl]-phenol 88236-24-2 C13H11N5O2
    2-[4-(4-Hydroxymethyl-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-yl]-phenol
    —— 1127228-41-4 C15H14N4O4S
    —— 1,1'-[4-(2-hydroxy-benzylideneamino)-4<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazole-3,5-diyl]-bis-propan-2-one 33761-53-4 C15H16N4O3
    1,1'-[4-(2-hydroxy-benzylideneamino)-4<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazole-3,5-diyl]-bis-propan-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-1-Acetoxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propane 96641-48-4 C11H14O3
    (R)-(-)-1-Acetoxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propane
    —— 2-{[(3-Methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}ethane-1-sulfonic acid 548492-21-3 C10H13NO5S
    2-{[(3-Methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}ethane-1-sulfonic acid
    —— N-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzenecarbothioamide 1132646-30-0 C15H15NO2S
    N-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzenecarbothioamide
    —— 1260402-97-8 C32H48O5Si
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)phenylphosphine 392685-60-8 C20H19O2P
    bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)phenylphosphine