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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-ethyl-4-benzyloxy-6-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 709027-59-8 C16H16O3
    2-ethyl-4-benzyloxy-6-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
    —— Cu(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole)2(H2O)2(NO3)2 793683-38-2 C16H18CuN8O10
    Cu(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole)2(H2O)2(NO3)2
    —— 1-(4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitro-penten 1215-89-0 C12H15NO4
    1-(4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitro-penten
    —— 5-hydroxyamino-4-methyl-3-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-isoxazoline-2 89047-16-5 C10H12N2O3
    5-hydroxyamino-4-methyl-3-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-isoxazoline-2
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide 1612841-37-8 C16H23NO2
    N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide
    —— 1-Methyl-4-(p-oxy-m-methoxy)styryl-6-oxychinolinchlorid 40774-65-0 C19H18NO3*Cl
    1-Methyl-4-(p-oxy-m-methoxy)styryl-6-oxychinolinchlorid
    —— N,N′-bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene 13020-40-1 C20H16N2O4
    N,N′-bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene
    —— 51084-62-9 C11H8Br2Cl3N3O3S
    —— 3-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl 5-(2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoate 1366075-66-2 C30H36N4O6
    3-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl 5-(2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoate
    —— (+/-)-1.1-Dimethyl-2-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohexanon-(6) 92863-57-5 C14H18O2
    (+/-)-1.1-Dimethyl-2-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohexanon-(6)
    —— Phenol, Dimethylnitramin 34768-16-6 C2H6N2O2*C6H6O
    Phenol, Dimethylnitramin
    —— 56733-57-4 C19H22O8P2
    —— potassium 2-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-59-3 C21H33O9S*K
    potassium 2-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— Bicyclo<24.3.1>triaconta-1(30),26,28-trien-27,28-diol 78493-06-8 C30H52O2
    Bicyclo<24.3.1>triaconta-1(30),26,28-trien-27,28-diol
    —— 2,6-bis-(N-2-pyridylformidoyl)-4-methylphenol 102262-03-3 C21H20N4O
    2,6-bis-(N-2-pyridylformidoyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— (E)-2-(3'-methylhept-2'-en-6'-ynyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1163722-54-0 C15H18O2
    (E)-2-(3'-methylhept-2'-en-6'-ynyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567848-29-6 C19H15N3O3S
    2-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-3-octadecyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol 101339-31-5 C25H44O4
    5-Methoxy-3-octadecyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— (5Z)-2-[(8aS)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazin-2-yl]-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-62-1 C17H18FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-[(8aS)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazin-2-yl]-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 1-amino-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol 1021935-60-3 C11H17NO3
    1-amino-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-(N2-methyl-N2-allyl-hydrazid) 94031-98-8 C11H14N2OS
    2-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-(N2-methyl-N2-allyl-hydrazid)
    —— 4-(dodecylthio)methyl-2-methylphenol 1415649-79-4 C20H34OS
    4-(dodecylthio)methyl-2-methylphenol
    —— 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-hydroxybenzene 10335-29-2 C11H9N3O
    1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-hydroxybenzene
    —— [9-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-nonyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 141920-35-6 C20H33NO3
    [9-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-nonyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-2-ium-3-yl]phenol 1191259-08-1 C9H8N2O4
    3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-2-ium-3-yl]phenol
    —— 4-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-thiazol-2-one 99185-07-6 C10H9NO3S
    4-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-thiazol-2-one
    —— (((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonic acid 1133927-05-5 C9H10N3O4PS
    (((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonic acid
    —— 2-hydroxyphenyl 1-methylpyrazol-4-yl ketone N-methylhydrazone 1203558-42-2 C12H14N4O
    2-hydroxyphenyl 1-methylpyrazol-4-yl ketone N-methylhydrazone
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide oxime 100868-33-5 C7H7N3O4
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide oxime
    —— 2,5-Difluoro-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol 1879026-13-7 C7H6F2OS
    2,5-Difluoro-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-35-1 C16H9Br2ClFN3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-benzenetellurinic acid 68961-53-5 C6H6O3Te
    4-hydroxy-benzenetellurinic acid
    —— 2-(benzyloxy)-4-iodo-6-(((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-oxy)methyl)phenol 1438867-94-7 C19H21IO4
    2-(benzyloxy)-4-iodo-6-(((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-oxy)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-[(3R,5R,7R)-5,7-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-hydroxyeicosyl]phenol 913814-43-4 C38H74O4Si2
    4-[(3R,5R,7R)-5,7-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-hydroxyeicosyl]phenol
    —— 2-heptyl-6-methoxyphenol 148173-50-6 C14H22O2
    2-heptyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)methyl)-4-bromo-3,5-dimethylphenol 1194551-84-2 C12H13BrN2OS
    2-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)methyl)-4-bromo-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-[1,3-bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-2-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 141070-25-9 C25H28N2O4
    2-[1,3-bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-2-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(3-chloro-3-methylbutyl)-5-methoxyphenol 76240-32-9 C12H17ClO2
    2-(3-chloro-3-methylbutyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-but-3-ynyl)-phenol 132927-14-1 C10H10O2
    4-(1-Hydroxy-but-3-ynyl)-phenol
    —— 16,34,54,74-tetramethoxy-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-14,36,56,76-tetraol 113379-32-1 C36H40O8
    16,34,54,74-tetramethoxy-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-14,36,56,76-tetraol
    —— 4-(2-o-tolylhydrazono)-1-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1456804-32-2 C21H18N8O4S
    4-(2-o-tolylhydrazono)-1-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— potassium 4-hydroxy-2-(10-hydroxydecyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-74-2 C19H31O8S*K
    potassium 4-hydroxy-2-(10-hydroxydecyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— phenyl(bis[2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-methylhydrazido])thiophosphorus 153687-73-1 C22H23N4O4PS
    phenyl(bis[2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-methylhydrazido])thiophosphorus
    —— (2s,6s)-2,6-diallyl-15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol 1432623-34-1 C50H64O4
    (2s,6s)-2,6-diallyl-15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol
    —— [Cu(OH)(water)(1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dionate)] 1261629-18-8 C21H22CuO8
    [Cu(OH)(water)(1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dionate)]
    —— 86950-13-2 C12H16BrN3OS
    —— 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1024608-28-3 C18H21N3O3
    5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one
    —— 5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol 182932-68-9 C9H9N3O3
    5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— Hydroxytetrakis<2.2.2.2>paracyclophan 38058-91-2 C32H32O
    Hydroxytetrakis<2.2.2.2>paracyclophan
    —— 4-Nitropyrogallol-2-benzolsulfonat 32905-04-7 C12H9NO7S
    4-Nitropyrogallol-2-benzolsulfonat