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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)ethylene 81684-64-2 C13H11NO5
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)ethylene
    —— (1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O`)oxobis(hydroxyldimethylamido(1-)-O,N)molybdenum(VI) 111159-49-0 C10H16MoN2O5
    (1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O`)oxobis(hydroxyldimethylamido(1-)-O,N)molybdenum(VI)
    —— (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentanone 160678-60-4 C11H12O2
    (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentanone
    —— 2,5-Dibrom-3,6-dicyano-hydrochinon 4655-73-6 C8H2Br2N2O2
    2,5-Dibrom-3,6-dicyano-hydrochinon
    —— N-[Cyano-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl-methyl]-acetamide 57387-97-0 C11H12N2O2
    N-[Cyano-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl-methyl]-acetamide
    —— 4-((S)-2-(2-cyclopentylethylamino)-3-((R)-1-(methylamino)pentan-2-ylamino)propyl)phenol 1186219-93-1 C22H39N3O
    4-((S)-2-(2-cyclopentylethylamino)-3-((R)-1-(methylamino)pentan-2-ylamino)propyl)phenol
    —— 2-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethylaminhydrogensuccinat 16613-35-7 C4H6O4*C8H11NO2
    2-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethylaminhydrogensuccinat
    —— 4-[1,1-Bis[3,5-bis(diethylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl]-2,6-bis(diethylaminomethyl)phenol 1086840-21-2 C50H84N6O3
    4-[1,1-Bis[3,5-bis(diethylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl]-2,6-bis(diethylaminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(Cyclopentyl-hydroxy-methyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 19646-30-1 C13H18O3
    4-(Cyclopentyl-hydroxy-methyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)phenol 1892547-74-8 C9H8F2O
    2-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)phenol
    —— p-Hydroxyphenyldimethylphosphonat 15286-24-5 C8H11O4P
    p-Hydroxyphenyldimethylphosphonat
    —— 4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-ethyloctyl)-phenol 17508-85-9 C16H24N2O5
    4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-ethyloctyl)-phenol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-pentyloctyl)-phenol 17473-44-8 C19H30N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-pentyloctyl)-phenol
    —— 41350-42-9 C20H16N2O2S2
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-N-benzyl-oxim 22687-12-3 C14H13NO2
    3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-N-benzyl-oxim
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohex-3-enone 1252616-06-0 C12H12O2
    4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohex-3-enone
    —— (dihydroxo hydroxy benzene) oxo vanadium (IV) 27928-55-8 C6H4O3*OV
    (dihydroxo hydroxy benzene) oxo vanadium (IV)
    —— cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione;2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol 109968-57-2 C6H4O2*C8H10O2
    cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione;2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— (S)-(+)-1-Acetoxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propane 96641-49-5 C11H14O3
    (S)-(+)-1-Acetoxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propane
    —— 5-Iod-o-vanillin-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazon 33172-58-6 C14H11IN4O6
    5-Iod-o-vanillin-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazon
    —— N-(1-Adamantyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-pentanoic amide 116313-79-2 C21H28N2O5
    N-(1-Adamantyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-pentanoic amide
    —— succinic acid bis-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenehydrazide) 80728-97-8 C18H18N4O4
    succinic acid bis-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenehydrazide)
    —— (2R,4S,4aR,6S,7R,8aR,9S)-hexahydro-2,9-bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-2H-4,6-(epoxymethano)chromen-8(5H)-one 1292847-76-7 C26H30O7
    (2R,4S,4aR,6S,7R,8aR,9S)-hexahydro-2,9-bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-2H-4,6-(epoxymethano)chromen-8(5H)-one
    —— 2-cyano-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)thioacetamide 133149-51-6 C10H8N2OS
    2-cyano-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)thioacetamide
    —— 2-Nitro-4-hydroxy-1-propyl-benzol 861010-79-9 C9H11NO3
    2-Nitro-4-hydroxy-1-propyl-benzol
    —— 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 4-cyclopent-2-enyl-thiosemicarbazone 23889-00-1 C13H15N3OS
    2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 4-cyclopent-2-enyl-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2-(pyrrol-2-ylmethyleneamino)-3-methylphenol 1027105-23-2 C12H12N2O
    2-(pyrrol-2-ylmethyleneamino)-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one 1254330-55-6 C18H15NO5
    4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 4-<2-(2-phenoxyethoxy)ethyl>phenol 86902-23-0 C16H18O3
    4-<2-(2-phenoxyethoxy)ethyl>phenol
    —— tetraethyl 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-1-methylmethylenebisphosphonate 852449-77-5 C17H30O8P2
    tetraethyl 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-1-methylmethylenebisphosphonate
    —— 4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carbaldehyde oxime 1360604-77-8 C16H14N2O3S
    4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carbaldehyde oxime
    —— ethyl 3-cyclopropylamino-2-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzoyl)acrylate 110600-95-8 C15H15N3O8
    ethyl 3-cyclopropylamino-2-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzoyl)acrylate
    —— 1237740-84-9 C14H18O
    —— 4-fluoro-3-[4-isopropylamino-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-phenol 1446506-13-3 C18H16F4N6O
    4-fluoro-3-[4-isopropylamino-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-phenol
    —— trans-3-<7-(cyclopropylmethyl)octahydro-3-methylene-2H-pyrano<2,3-c>pyridin-4a-yl>phenol 124217-30-7 C19H25NO2
    trans-3-<7-(cyclopropylmethyl)octahydro-3-methylene-2H-pyrano<2,3-c>pyridin-4a-yl>phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-hexyl-5-methyl-phenol 54304-15-3 C13H19ClO
    4-chloro-2-hexyl-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 1-(5-Nitrosalicyliden)-4-n-butyl-thiosemicarbazon 41377-28-0 C12H16N4O3S
    1-(5-Nitrosalicyliden)-4-n-butyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— methyl (+/-)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pent-4-ynoate 243641-62-5 C13H14O3
    methyl (+/-)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pent-4-ynoate
    —— 2-(1-Imidazol-1-yl-vinyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 85128-39-8 C12H12N2O2
    2-(1-Imidazol-1-yl-vinyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1338246-66-4 C19H19NO4
    —— N'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 91430-95-4 C11H16N2O4
    N'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 91328-89-1 C9H13N3O3
    —— 1[(5-Cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-methoxy]-4-hydroxybenzene 138300-60-4 C12H12N2O2S
    1[(5-Cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-methoxy]-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— 5,8-dimethyl-1-tetralone 31382-69-1 C12H16O
    5,8-dimethyl-1-tetralone
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(([(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]amino)methyl)phenol 1163726-72-4 C18H20N2O3
    2-methoxy-4-(([(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]amino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4,6,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]thiazin-2-yl)-phenol 107151-11-1 C13H17NOS
    2-(4,6,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]thiazin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 6-dodecyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 98506-69-5 C29H49NO7
    6-dodecyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— 2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3]thiazinan-4-one 67839-38-7 C10H9Br2NO2S
    2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3]thiazinan-4-one
    —— N,N'-1,2-propylene-bis(3-methylsalicylideneimine) 875710-48-8 C19H22N2O2
    N,N'-1,2-propylene-bis(3-methylsalicylideneimine)
    —— 4-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 113379-00-3 C24H22N2O3
    4-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione