摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 84913-92-8 C22H22CoN4O8
    —— 5-(Isocyanomethyl)-1,3-benzenediol 602261-97-2 C8H7NO2
    5-(Isocyanomethyl)-1,3-benzenediol
    —— [(2-aminoethoxy)(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]adamantane 133259-08-2 C19H25NO2
    [(2-aminoethoxy)(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]adamantane
    —— copper;6-[(Z)-2-(2-hydroxyanilino)ethenyl]iminocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 52953-31-8 C14H12CuN2O2+2
    copper;6-[(Z)-2-(2-hydroxyanilino)ethenyl]iminocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— N-2-[3'-(2"-methylphenylazo)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl vinylacetamide 847161-57-3 C19H21N3O2
    N-2-[3'-(2"-methylphenylazo)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl vinylacetamide
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzylacetat 66487-34-1 C13H18O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzylacetat
    —— metasequirin F 1264695-00-2 C18H20O6
    metasequirin F
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[3-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)diazenyl]phenyl]-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol 1318000-82-6 C21H23N5O3
    2-Methoxy-4-[3-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)diazenyl]phenyl]-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— N-[(E)-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-60-9 C15H12Br2N2O4
    N-[(E)-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 6-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 40188-99-6 C22H19NO8
    6-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-heptane 6405-86-3 C19H24O2
    2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-heptane
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)iminomethyl]phenol 1439694-57-1 C13H7Br2F2NO
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol 847974-75-8 C21H23N3O2
    2-((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 1.5-Bis-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-biguanid 95742-84-0 C14H15N5O2
    1.5-Bis-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-biguanid
    —— 6-(3-Chloro-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-5-methyltetrahydropyridazin-3(2H)-one 108441-27-6 C11H11ClN2O2
    6-(3-Chloro-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-5-methyltetrahydropyridazin-3(2H)-one
    —— 1ref-2cis-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3trans-4trans-dimethyl-cyclobutan 19043-24-4 C18H20O2
    1ref-2cis-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3trans-4trans-dimethyl-cyclobutan
    —— 1336893-28-7 C3H6N2O*C6H3N3O7*C87H123N7O9
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-benzyl)-N',N''-dimethyl-guanidine 46343-99-1 C10H15N3O
    N-(4-Hydroxy-benzyl)-N',N''-dimethyl-guanidine
    —— Phenol, 2-bromo-5-[[(methylamino)oxy]methyl]- 65428-15-1 C8H10BrNO2
    Phenol, 2-bromo-5-[[(methylamino)oxy]methyl]-
    —— 4-Methyl-2,6-bis[(3-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol 213403-82-8 C23H22N2O
    4-Methyl-2,6-bis[(3-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(4-methylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide 478400-50-9 C22H27NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(4-methylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide
    —— 5-amino-2-chloro-3-methoxyphenol 1610450-74-2 C7H8ClNO2
    5-amino-2-chloro-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[4-((R)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-chlorophenol 956122-58-0 C15H19ClN4OS
    2-[4-((R)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-propionamide 101305-80-0 C19H21NO5
    3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-propionamide
    —— N-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 88847-98-7 C14H13N3O5S
    N-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
    —— N-(5-iodosalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline 1000414-93-6 C24H20INO3
    N-(5-iodosalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline
    —— 4-((4R,5S)-4-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenol 49617-58-5 C14H18O2
    4-((4R,5S)-4-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenol
    —— 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol 80810-59-9 C13H18O5
    2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)formamide 1426853-45-3 C19H23NO6
    N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)formamide
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine 1253120-41-0 C9H11N3O3
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine
    —— (Z)-2-[5-bromo-α-(tert-butoxyimino)-2-hydroxybenzyl]-3-hydroxypyridine 162267-12-1 C16H17BrN2O3
    (Z)-2-[5-bromo-α-(tert-butoxyimino)-2-hydroxybenzyl]-3-hydroxypyridine
    —— 2-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylhydrazino]-3,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one hydrochloride 1338360-52-3 C15H15N5O3S*ClH
    2-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylhydrazino]-3,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one hydrochloride
    —— (1'-Cyclopropyl-2'-methoxy-epoxy)orthophenol 70511-60-3 C12H14O3
    (1'-Cyclopropyl-2'-methoxy-epoxy)orthophenol
    —— 2-Methyl-4,6-bis-thiocyanatomethyl-phenol 115036-50-5 C11H10N2OS2
    2-Methyl-4,6-bis-thiocyanatomethyl-phenol
    —— 4-ethyl-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxa-1-boranaphthalene 153862-14-7 C16H15BO3
    4-ethyl-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxa-1-boranaphthalene
    —— 2-(1'-Vinylallyl)-4-methylphenol 38276-73-2 C12H14O
    2-(1'-Vinylallyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(4-amino-6-(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)phenol 1125365-42-5 C11H14N6O
    2-(4-amino-6-(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)phenol
    —— Cu(5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiacalix[4]arene(-2H)) 883725-77-7 C40H46CuO4S4
    Cu(5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiacalix[4]arene(-2H))
    —— 245040-43-1 C32H52O5Si
    —— 4-[(2E)-penta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol 277332-59-9 C11H12O2
    4-[(2E)-penta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol
    —— 2-[(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid 109622-42-6 C8H11NO6S
    2-[(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid
    —— 2-Chloro-5-cyclohexylmethyl-3-(3-cyclohexylmethyl-2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-6-methoxy-[1,4]benzoquinone 180912-61-2 C29H37ClO6
    2-Chloro-5-cyclohexylmethyl-3-(3-cyclohexylmethyl-2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-6-methoxy-[1,4]benzoquinone
    —— Phenol, 4-[5-(3-bromophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]- 651021-70-4 C15H10BrNO2
    Phenol, 4-[5-(3-bromophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-
    —— O-desmethyl methoxetamine 1620054-73-0 C14H19NO2
    O-desmethyl methoxetamine
    —— 2-Brom-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenaethylformamid 6475-04-3 C10H12BrNO3
    2-Brom-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenaethylformamid
    —— 5-methyl-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane 930121-22-5 C16H16N2O
    5-methyl-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane
    —— 4-Hexyl-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dibrom-benzylidenamino>-resorcin 94304-00-4 C19H21Br2NO3
    4-Hexyl-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dibrom-benzylidenamino>-resorcin
    —— 2-butyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenol 180912-47-4 C12H18O3
    2-butyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 3-Methoxy-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzal)-anilin 57322-40-4 C15H15NO3
    3-Methoxy-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzal)-anilin
    —— 84043-80-1 C8H3Br2ClN2O2