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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(1E)-2-aza-2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzen-1-ol 17543-97-4 C12H10N2O
    2-[(1E)-2-aza-2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzen-1-ol
    —— 4-[4-(1-homopiperazino)butoxy]-2,3,6-trimethylphenol 256367-01-8 C18H30N2O2
    4-[4-(1-homopiperazino)butoxy]-2,3,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol 1187668-75-2 C15H13N3OS
    2-methyl-5-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol
    —— Bis<2,4-(2-tert.-butylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol> 63296-08-2 C18H32N2O3
    Bis<2,4-(2-tert.-butylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol>
    —— 3-(1'-CYCLOHEXENYL)METHYL-2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE 127462-79-7 C15H18O3
    3-(1'-CYCLOHEXENYL)METHYL-2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE
    —— 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl-α-methyl-acetonitrile 51234-22-1 C9H8N2O3
    3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl-α-methyl-acetonitrile
    —— methyl 15-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecanoate 111755-18-1 C24H40O5
    methyl 15-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecanoate
    —— 2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one 1104633-36-4 C14H13BrO2
    2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one
    —— 2-methyl-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol 1312616-00-4 C13H14N2O
    2-methyl-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol
    —— methyl 2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 98879-76-6 C9H8N2O7
    methyl 2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— (S)-3-methyl-2-(1-phenylhex-5-en-3-ylamino)phenol 922191-46-6 C19H23NO
    (S)-3-methyl-2-(1-phenylhex-5-en-3-ylamino)phenol
    —— (R)-2-(1-cyclohexylbut-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol 922191-45-5 C17H25NO
    (R)-2-(1-cyclohexylbut-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol
    —— (S)-2-(1-allylamino-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)phenol 922191-54-6 C14H19NO
    (S)-2-(1-allylamino-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-(2-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-yl)phenol 922191-57-9 C12H15NO
    (S)-2-(2-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-yl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-[(1-but-3-enylamino)-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]phenol 922191-55-7 C15H21NO
    (S)-2-[(1-but-3-enylamino)-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]phenol
    —— [3-acetyloxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] acetate 82246-95-5 C21H24O8
    [3-acetyloxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] acetate
    —— 2-chloro-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)phenol 933046-00-5 C11H10ClN3O
    2-chloro-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)phenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-(thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol 933045-57-9 C10H10N2OS
    2-methyl-5-(thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol
    —— 5-(3,5-dimethylphenylamino)-2-methylphenol 1198117-30-4 C15H17NO
    5-(3,5-dimethylphenylamino)-2-methylphenol
    —— 3-amino-2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol 1427407-74-6 C7H7F2NO
    3-amino-2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol
    —— 2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol 1378584-21-4 C7H6F2O
    2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol
    —— N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine 57699-55-5 C12H18N2O3
    N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine
    —— N'-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 57699-48-6 C12H16N2O3
    N'-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde hydrazone 57699-48-6 C12H16N2O3
    N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde hydrazone
    —— benzaldehyde [3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-hydrazone 18330-55-7 C16H13N3O2S
    benzaldehyde [3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-hydrazone
    —— N,N-Dibutyldopamine 68671-30-7 C16H27NO2
    N,N-Dibutyldopamine
    —— Methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetate 108260-70-4 C11H14O5
    Methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetate
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazino[4,5-a]benzimidazole 1383439-05-1 C16H16N4O2
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazino[4,5-a]benzimidazole
    —— (2E,4E)-2-cyano-N-[[3-[[[(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide 1035646-73-1 C32H26N4O6
    (2E,4E)-2-cyano-N-[[3-[[[(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetic acid 50479-82-8 C10H12O5
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetic acid
    —— ethyl 6-acetamido-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-5-carboxylate 765951-90-4 C16H18N2O5
    ethyl 6-acetamido-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-5-carboxylate
    —— 1,5-bis[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]pentan-3-ol 1140533-45-4 C33H40N4O5
    1,5-bis[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]pentan-3-ol
    —— ethyl 2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylate 765951-71-1 C14H15N3O6
    ethyl 2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylate
    —— 6-fluorovanillin 79418-77-2 C8H7FO3
    6-fluorovanillin
    —— [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-nitro-ethyl]-malonic acid dimethyl ester 108875-19-0 C14H17NO8
    [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-nitro-ethyl]-malonic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 2-bromo-4-(1,2-dibromo-2-nitro-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 54291-91-7 C9H8Br3NO4
    2-bromo-4-(1,2-dibromo-2-nitro-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— (E)-ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-nitrobut-3-enoate 1190132-24-1 C13H15NO7
    (E)-ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-nitrobut-3-enoate
    —— 2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-methylbut-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol 922191-53-5 C18H27NO
    2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-methylbut-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-methoxyisophthalaldehyde 28006-85-1 C9H8O4
    4-hydroxy-6-methoxyisophthalaldehyde
    —— (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-[3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]phenyl]-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]propanamide 1187250-92-5 C28H30N2O5
    (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-[3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]phenyl]-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]propanamide
    —— 1<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,9<sup>5</sup>,13<sup>5</sup>-tetrachloro-3,7,11(1,3)-triimidazolidine-1,13(1),5,9(1,3)-tetrabenzenatridecaphane-1<sup>2</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>,9<sup>2</sup>,13<sup>2</sup>-tetraol 1423170-06-2 C39H44Cl4N6O4
    1<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,9<sup>5</sup>,13<sup>5</sup>-tetrachloro-3,7,11(1,3)-triimidazolidine-1,13(1),5,9(1,3)-tetrabenzenatridecaphane-1<sup>2</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>,9<sup>2</sup>,13<sup>2</sup>-tetraol
    —— 1,3-bis(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-imidazolidine 153731-63-6 C19H24N2O2
    1,3-bis(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-imidazolidine
    —— (S,R)-2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl-but-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol 1000026-16-3 C23H29NO
    (S,R)-2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl-but-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-(Cyclopropylamino)-2-nitrophenol 898046-08-7 C9H10N2O3
    4-(Cyclopropylamino)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxyphenol 25762-85-0 C12H18O2
    3-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxyphenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylphenolate;hydroiodide —— C11H10INO2
    4-Hydroxy-2-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylphenolate;hydroiodide
    —— 2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-5-chloro-phenol 68301-41-7 C9H7ClN2OS
    2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-5-chloro-phenol
    —— (2R)-2-ethoxy-3-[3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]phenyl]-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]propanamide 1187250-93-6 C28H30N2O5
    (2R)-2-ethoxy-3-[3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]phenyl]-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]propanamide
    —— 2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-5-bromo-phenol 68301-42-8 C9H7BrN2OS
    2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-5-bromo-phenol
    —— 4-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-3-chloro-phenol 68301-44-0 C9H7ClN2OS
    4-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-3-chloro-phenol