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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ni(II){4-(2-pyridylazo)orcinol}2(2+) 102678-71-7 C24H22N6NiO4
    Ni(II){4-(2-pyridylazo)orcinol}2(2+)
    —— Co(3-OH-SMDPT) 95764-84-4 C21H25CoN3O4
    Co(3-OH-SMDPT)
    —— 2-{[(E)-(1R,2S)-2-Ethyl-cyclohexylimino]-methyl}-phenol 91524-55-9 C15H21NO
    2-{[(E)-(1R,2S)-2-Ethyl-cyclohexylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid salicylidenehydrazide 100541-84-2 C14H11N3O5
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid salicylidenehydrazide
    —— 6,6'-(methylenebis(3-(piperidin-1-yl)isoxazole-4,5-diyl))bis(3-methoxyphenol) 623574-61-8 C31H36N4O6
    6,6'-(methylenebis(3-(piperidin-1-yl)isoxazole-4,5-diyl))bis(3-methoxyphenol)
    —— [Cu((E)-4-((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diol)(2H2O)]*acetate*H2O 1428773-82-3 C2H3O2*C8H9CuN4O4S*H2O
    [Cu((E)-4-((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diol)(2H2O)]*acetate*H2O
    —— Imidazolidinyl-benzol 53175-60-3 C22H21N3O3
    Imidazolidinyl-benzol
    —— 1-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethan-1-one 1265227-82-4 C15H13N3O3
    1-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— (2S,6S)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-(4-tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy-phenyl)-ethane)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1314243-95-2 C28H38O6Si
    (2S,6S)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-(4-tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy-phenyl)-ethane)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— Bicyclo[26.2.2]dotriaconta-1(31),28(32),29-triene-29,31-diol 35292-79-6 C32H56O2
    Bicyclo[26.2.2]dotriaconta-1(31),28(32),29-triene-29,31-diol
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-bis(cyclohexylmethyliminomethyl)phenol 1159279-09-0 C23H34N2O
    4-methyl-2,6-bis(cyclohexylmethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 1-(2-Pyridylmethylidene)-5-(salicylidene)thiocarbonylhydrazone 95514-80-0 C14H13N5OS
    1-(2-Pyridylmethylidene)-5-(salicylidene)thiocarbonylhydrazone
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(6-chloropyridazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ol 1179378-10-9 C17H13Cl2N5O2
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(6-chloropyridazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ol
    —— 1245947-89-0 C21H34O2Si
    —— (2R,4R,6S,8S)-15-(((2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)thio)methyl)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol 1314033-39-0 C41H51NO8S
    (2R,4R,6S,8S)-15-(((2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)thio)methyl)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol
    —— chloro-acetic acid-(5-allyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-anilide) 860578-05-8 C12H14ClNO3
    chloro-acetic acid-(5-allyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-anilide)
    —— 4-bromobenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylidene)hydrazide 903488-30-2 C14H9BrN4O6
    4-bromobenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylchlorid 16867-80-4 C11H9ClF6O
    3,5-Dimethyl-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylchlorid
    —— 4-Hydroxy-phenylarsonsaeure-dibutylester 16216-39-0 C14H23AsO4
    4-Hydroxy-phenylarsonsaeure-dibutylester
    —— (R)-(+)-2-[((2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)imino)methyl]phenol 273721-00-9 C15H15NO2
    (R)-(+)-2-[((2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)imino)methyl]phenol
    —— 3-fluoro-4-isopropylideneamino-phenol 951153-02-9 C9H10FNO
    3-fluoro-4-isopropylideneamino-phenol
    —— methyl-phenethyl-amine; picrate 25566-63-6 C6H3N3O7*C9H13N
    methyl-phenethyl-amine; picrate
    —— (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)dimorpholinomethane 146801-09-4 C15H21ClN2O3
    (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)dimorpholinomethane
    —— 2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde 853995-97-8 C10H11BrO4
    2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 20,22,24,25-Tetrapentyl-2,18-methano-20H,22H,24H-dibenzo<d,d'><1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:7,8-i'>bis<1,3>benzodioxocin-3,17-diol 137964-71-7 C51H64O8
    20,22,24,25-Tetrapentyl-2,18-methano-20H,22H,24H-dibenzo<d,d'><1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:7,8-i'>bis<1,3>benzodioxocin-3,17-diol
    —— (S)-(+)-6-methyloctyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionate 951221-92-4 C19H30O4
    (S)-(+)-6-methyloctyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionate
    —— undecan-2-one O-((3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl) oxime 34207-32-4 C18H28N2O3
    undecan-2-one O-((3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl) oxime
    —— (5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione 1416081-51-0 C11H12BrNOS
    (5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione
    —— [copper(I)(butane-2,3-dione bis(salicylhydrazone))(acetonitrile)2]perchlorate 1229447-65-7 C22H24CuN6O2*ClO4
    [copper(I)(butane-2,3-dione bis(salicylhydrazone))(acetonitrile)2]perchlorate
    —— 3-(ethoxycarbonimidoyl)phenol 92085-30-8 C9H11NO2
    3-(ethoxycarbonimidoyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(cyclopropyliminomethyl)phenol 503472-63-7 C10H10BrNO
    4-bromo-2-(cyclopropyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— potassium [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]xanthate 1403487-16-0 C10H11O2S2*K
    potassium [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]xanthate
    —— 4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,5-dichloro-phenol 616899-17-3 C10H10Cl2O2
    4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,5-dichloro-phenol
    —— Phenol-4-methyl-Δ<sup>4</sup>-tetrahydro-phthalein 95938-71-9 C21H20O4
    Phenol-4-methyl-Δ<sup>4</sup>-tetrahydro-phthalein
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one 98411-88-2 C11H12N2O2
    5-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— 92834-91-8 C12H17NO2
    —— (4E,6E)-7-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethylnona-4,6-dien-3-ol 268234-18-0 C18H26O3
    (4E,6E)-7-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethylnona-4,6-dien-3-ol
    —— 5-(1-ethyl-propylamino)-2-methyl-phenol 437702-34-6 C12H19NO
    5-(1-ethyl-propylamino)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,2'-{[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl]dicarbonyl}dihydrazinecarbothioamide 1345691-09-9 C18H23N7O4S2
    2,2'-{[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl]dicarbonyl}dihydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— 1253184-73-4 C18H16O5
    —— 2-((E)-(2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenol 1374987-60-6 C18H21N3O
    2-((E)-(2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenol
    —— (E)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-3-methylbenzyl oxime 1072708-80-5 C17H19NO3
    (E)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-3-methylbenzyl oxime
    —— 4-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1287795-53-2 C20H12Br2ClN3O2S
    4-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 5-bromo-11,17-difluorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(18),3,5,7(21),9,11,13(20),15(19),16-nonaene-19,20,21-triol 83142-70-5 C21H15BrF2O3
    5-bromo-11,17-difluorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(18),3,5,7(21),9,11,13(20),15(19),16-nonaene-19,20,21-triol
    —— 4-methyl-3-(1-methylbutyl)phenol 96558-46-2 C12H18O
    4-methyl-3-(1-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 2-chloro-6-(diethoxythiophosphorylmercapto-methyl)-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one 99177-82-9 C10H14ClO5PS2
    2-chloro-6-(diethoxythiophosphorylmercapto-methyl)-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one
    —— 3-<α-Furyl>-1-<2'-hydroxy-4'-nitro-phenyl>-prop-2-en-1-on 92164-01-7 C14H11NO5
    3-<α-Furyl>-1-<2'-hydroxy-4'-nitro-phenyl>-prop-2-en-1-on
    —— 6-ethyloxy-6'-methoxy-2,2'-[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1632121-80-2 C19H22N2O6
    6-ethyloxy-6'-methoxy-2,2'-[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— 4-amidino-2-chlorophenol trifluoroacetic acid salt 1311290-62-6 C2HF3O2*C7H7ClN2O
    4-amidino-2-chlorophenol trifluoroacetic acid salt
    —— 4-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one 53995-32-7 C11H12N2O3
    4-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one