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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(5-iodo-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenol 1197054-90-2 C11H11IN2O
    4-(5-iodo-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2,2'-<<2-<<<(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene>amino>methyl>-2-<(2-propenyloxy)methyl>-1,3-propanediyl>bis(nitrilomethylidyne)>bisphenol 130147-60-3 C29H31N3O4
    2,2'-<<2-<<<(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene>amino>methyl>-2-<(2-propenyloxy)methyl>-1,3-propanediyl>bis(nitrilomethylidyne)>bisphenol
    —— 2-bromo-6-iodo-4-methylphenol 180639-95-6 C7H6BrIO
    2-bromo-6-iodo-4-methylphenol
    —— N,N'-propane-1,2-diylbis(salicylideneimine) 257636-52-5 C17H18N2O2
    N,N'-propane-1,2-diylbis(salicylideneimine)
    —— methyl 4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butanoate 101909-33-5 C12H16O3
    methyl 4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butanoate
    —— 116178-48-4 C21H26N2O3
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 1334470-91-5 C24H29NO5
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 4-({4-[(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl}amino)-2,6-bis(methyloxy)phenol 1335499-77-8 C19H17FN6O3
    4-({4-[(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl}amino)-2,6-bis(methyloxy)phenol
    —— 2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-[6-(4-methyl-3H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]imidazo[2, 1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-54-0 C22H16ClN5O3S
    2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-[6-(4-methyl-3H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]imidazo[2, 1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— [Zn(HO(C6H3)(NCH(C6H2)Br(O)(OCH3))2)(pyridine)] 1237438-52-6 C27H21Br2N3O5Zn
    [Zn(HO(C6H3)(NCH(C6H2)Br(O)(OCH3))2)(pyridine)]
    —— 4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl (R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-22-5 C22H32N2O5
    4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl (R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— (S,E)-N-(4-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide 1218989-28-6 C14H20ClNO2S
    (S,E)-N-(4-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide
    —— (R)-N-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(methylthio)pent-3-yl]methanesulfonamide 1251852-27-3 C13H21NO3S2
    (R)-N-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(methylthio)pent-3-yl]methanesulfonamide
    —— 1-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]aminothiourea 1313482-22-2 C15H12N4O3S
    1-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]aminothiourea
    —— 2-((2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol 1145684-33-8 C13H14N4O
    2-((2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol
    —— tris-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-sulfonium ; chloride 114379-68-9 C21H21O3S*Cl
    tris-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-sulfonium ; chloride
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1244366-04-8 C18H14N2O6S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (S)-2-(5-benzyl-4-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-yl)-6-tert-butylphenol 1261297-92-0 C23H30N2O2
    (S)-2-(5-benzyl-4-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-yl)-6-tert-butylphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(E)-{[2-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]imino}methyl]phenol 1227389-29-8 C15H18N2O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(E)-{[2-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]imino}methyl]phenol
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol 1639809-20-3 C13H16Br2N2O2
    2,4-dibromo-6-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— carbanide;2-hydroxyphenolate;palladium(2+);N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine 172266-56-7 C13H24N2O2Pd
    carbanide;2-hydroxyphenolate;palladium(2+);N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-4-chlor-benzylbromid 90325-34-1 C7H4BrClN2O5
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-4-chlor-benzylbromid
    —— 4'-Hydroxy-5-brom-2-thiofuranilid 19842-63-8 C11H8BrNO2S
    4'-Hydroxy-5-brom-2-thiofuranilid
    —— 1-(N-ortho-hydroxy-acetophenimine)-2-methyl-pyridine 105516-40-3 C14H14N2O
    1-(N-ortho-hydroxy-acetophenimine)-2-methyl-pyridine
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(α-phenylethylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 79571-70-3 C17H16N2O2S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(α-phenylethylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— 2'-Hydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetranitro-azoxybenzol 4308-13-8 C12H6N6O10
    2'-Hydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetranitro-azoxybenzol
    —— 2-(2,2-dimethyl-1-[1-methyl-1H-indole-3-yl]propyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1322596-82-6 C21H25NO2
    2-(2,2-dimethyl-1-[1-methyl-1H-indole-3-yl]propyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— (2-Brom-4,5-methylendioxy-phenyl)-essigsaeure-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden-hydrazid 14502-06-8 C17H15BrN2O5
    (2-Brom-4,5-methylendioxy-phenyl)-essigsaeure-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden-hydrazid
    —— 5,9α-Dihydroxy-4β,10β-benzylidendioxy-9β-methyl-1,2,3,4,4aα,9,9aβ,10-octahydro-anthracen 105477-39-2 C22H24O4
    5,9α-Dihydroxy-4β,10β-benzylidendioxy-9β-methyl-1,2,3,4,4aα,9,9aβ,10-octahydro-anthracen
    —— 2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)phenol 1426400-28-3 C12H12N2O2
    2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-4-(methylamino)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione 945027-45-2 C11H9ClN2O3
    3-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-4-(methylamino)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione
    —— 155825-83-5 C60H57GdN12O9S3
    —— 4-<(2E)-5,5-dideuteriopenta-2,4-dienyl>phenol 103993-14-2 C11H12O
    4-<(2E)-5,5-dideuteriopenta-2,4-dienyl>phenol
    —— (4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdichlorid 109042-38-8 C14H14Cl2O3Te
    (4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdichlorid
    —— 2-[2-Methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-3-oxo-butyronitrile 80314-60-9 C14H17NO3
    2-[2-Methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-3-oxo-butyronitrile
    —— 4,10,17,23,30,36,43,49-octa-tert-butyl-7,13,20,26,33,39,46,52-octahydroxy[1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0]metacyclophane 151022-31-0 C84H104O8
    4,10,17,23,30,36,43,49-octa-tert-butyl-7,13,20,26,33,39,46,52-octahydroxy[1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0]metacyclophane
    —— (E)-2-((2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 946842-23-5 C10H13NO3
    (E)-2-((2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide 444771-40-8 C16H15ClN2O4
    2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 5-[[4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxyphenol 568582-20-7 C20H16N6O2S
    5-[[4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 11,23,35-tri-tert-butyl-4,6,16,18,28,30,37,38,39,40,42-dodecahydroxycalix[6]arene 1084920-49-9 C54H60O12
    11,23,35-tri-tert-butyl-4,6,16,18,28,30,37,38,39,40,42-dodecahydroxycalix[6]arene
    —— 5-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)pentyloxyacetone O-tert-butyloxime 214705-15-4 C18H27Cl2NO4
    5-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)pentyloxyacetone O-tert-butyloxime
    —— Co(5-NO2-SDPTH2) 38679-88-8 C20H23N5O6
    Co(5-NO2-SDPTH2)
    —— 2-(4-benzyloxy-2,6-dichloro-benzyl)-2-(2,2-dimethoxy-ethyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester 955373-57-6 C25H30Cl2O7
    2-(4-benzyloxy-2,6-dichloro-benzyl)-2-(2,2-dimethoxy-ethyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 4-Nitro-2-[(2-propynoxyimino)methyl]phenol 103743-56-2 C10H8N2O4
    4-Nitro-2-[(2-propynoxyimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 881672-51-1 C15H22O4
    —— 744170-22-7 C10H11NO5Zn
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenyloxyl 119149-20-1 C9H11O2
    4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenyloxyl
    —— 3-amino-2,4,6-tribromo-5-nitro-phenol 860767-41-5 C6H3Br3N2O3
    3-amino-2,4,6-tribromo-5-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-(1-isobutyl-3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenol 87512-70-7 C15H22O
    2-(1-isobutyl-3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-(pentadec-2-yl)phenol 1215220-54-4 C21H36O
    4-(pentadec-2-yl)phenol